Drone Laws in Indonesia 2025: Comprehensive Guide for Hobbyists and Commercial Operators

Indonesia has a well-defined legal framework governing the use of drones (pesawat udara tanpa awak) for both recreational and commercial purposes. Regulations have evolved rapidly since 2015 to address safety, security, and privacy concerns. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) under the Ministry of Transportation is the primary authority overseeing drone operations in Indonesia droneller.com. Below is a structured overview of all aspects of Indonesian drone law – including recent updates through 2024/2025 – covering licensing, registration, airspace restrictions, operational limits, insurance, penalties, relevant authorities, local rules, historical development, and international considerations.

Regulatory Framework and Recent Updates

Indonesia’s drone regulations are contained in a series of rules and laws that have been updated over the past decade:

• Initial Regulations (2015–2016): Widespread civilian drone use prompted the Ministry of Transportation to issue Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan (Permenhub) No. 90 of 2015, soon superseded by Permenhub No. 180 of 2015, to control unmanned aircraft operations in Indonesian airspace terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id. In 2016, Permenhub No. 47 of 2016 amended the rules by adding an insurance requirement and sanctions for violations portal.dephub.go.id.
• Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR): Also in 2015, Indonesia introduced CASR Part 107 for small unmanned aircraft (mirroring the U.S. FAA’s Part 107). This was formalized via Permenhub No. 163 of 2015 and later updated by Permenhub No. 63 of 2021, which lays out detailed safety rules for small drones (under 25 kg) including pilot certification, operating limits, and exemptions geosurveypersada.com astta.id. Additionally, Permenhub No. 34 of 2021 established CASR Part 22, setting airworthiness standards for larger “remotely piloted aircraft systems” komodonp.com.
• Comprehensive Overhaul (2020–2021): To streamline drone governance, Permenhub No. 37 of 2020 replaced the earlier 2015/2016 regulations, updating procedures for operating drones in Indonesian airspace peraturan.bpk.go.id peraturan.bpk.go.id. Further, Permenhub No. 27 of 2021 provided a framework for supervision and administrative sanctions across all aviation sectors (including drones) meridianhukum.com. By late 2021, Indonesia had four key ministerial regulations on drones (Permenhub 34/2021, 63/2021, 37/2020, and 27/2021) covering airworthiness, operational rules, airspace procedures, and enforcement geosurveypersada.com.
• Airspace Security Law (2018): In addition to Ministry regulations, a higher-level rule – Government Regulation (PP) No. 4 of 2018 on Airspace Security – addresses drone flights from a national security perspective. It designates prohibited and restricted airspace (e.g. around presidential palaces, military bases, etc.) and imposes strict penalties (administrative fines up to Rp 5 billion) for unauthorized drone operations in those sensitive areas terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id.
• 2024/2025 Developments: As of early 2025, no new drone-specific laws have been enacted since 2021, but enforcement of existing rules has intensified. In 2022, for example, police at the international MotoGP event in Mandalika used drone detection and jamming systems to ground 21 illegal drones, warning operators that violations carry up to 5 years imprisonment and Rp 5 billion fines under the Aviation Act (Law No. 1 of 2009) ussfeed.com ussfeed.com. The Minister of Transportation has also highlighted plans to integrate drones into logistics and air traffic management, indicating that future regulations may cover drone delivery services and unmanned traffic integration portal.dephub.go.id portal.dephub.go.id. Drone pilots are therefore advised to stay updated through official DGCA announcements and the online portals (described below) as the regulatory landscape continues to evolve droneller.com droneller.com.

Drone Classification and Registration Requirements

Drone Categories: Indonesian regulations categorize drones primarily by weight, which determines applicable rules and requirements. Broadly, there are two main weight classes defined in the latest rules kumparan.com:

• Small Drones (<= 25 kg take-off weight): This category includes most consumer and hobby drones. Drones up to 25 kilograms (55 lbs) can be operated for recreational or commercial purposes without individual flight permits in certain conditions, but they must adhere to civil aviation safety rules (CASR Part 107) at all times kumparan.com geosurveypersada.com. Small drones have more streamlined requirements, though pilots/operators still need to register the drone and, for non-hobby use, obtain a remote pilot license (details below).
• Large Drones (> 25 kg): Drones weighing above 25 kg are subject to much stricter control. Operating a large drone for any civil/commercial purpose requires a special safety approval and airworthiness certification from the DGCA before flight kumparan.com terra-drone.co.id. Essentially, heavy drones must undergo a safety risk assessment and often a type certification process under CASR Part 22 to ensure they meet airworthiness standards komodonp.com. Flying a drone over 25 kg without DGCA authorization is prohibited and considered a serious offense.

(Note: In practice, Indonesian authorities also recognize a “mini” drone sub-category similar to other countries. Drones under 250 grams may be subject to fewer requirements (e.g. recreational micro drones may not need formal licensing or registration), but operators should still follow basic safety rules. These very small drones are implicitly covered under CASR Part 107 exemptions for “small UAS” and are ideal for beginners due to minimal regulatory burden droneller.com droneller.com.)

Registration of Drones: All drones used in Indonesia (especially for anything beyond casual indoor use) should be registered with the DGCA. Registration creates an official record linking the drone’s details to an owner/operator, which promotes accountability droneller.com droneller.com. Key points on drone registration include:

• DGCA Registration Process: The Directorate of Airworthiness & Aircraft Operation (Direktorat Kelaikudaraan dan Pengoperasian Pesawat Udara, DKPPU) manages drone registrations. Owners must submit information about the drone (make, model, serial number, weight/specifications) and their personal or company details droneller.com droneller.com. The DGCA launched an online system called SIPUDI (Sistem Pendaftaran Pesawat Udara Indonesia) to facilitate electronic registration and the issuance of registration certificates kumparan.com kumparan.com. Once registered, the drone will receive a registration ID or certificate valid for 3 years, renewable upon expiry kumparan.com.
• Eligibility and Documentation: To register a drone in Indonesia, the applicant must be an Indonesian citizen or a legal entity registered in Indonesia (foreign individuals cannot directly register a drone locally) kumparan.com. The drone must not already be registered in another country, and proof of legal ownership and import customs clearance (if the drone was brought from abroad) is required kumparan.com. Liability insurance is also mandatory – applicants must provide an insurance certificate or proof of coverage when applying for registration/operating permits portal.dephub.go.id. This ensures that any third-party damage or injuries caused by the drone can be compensated.
• Unique Identification: Upon successful registration, the operator should mark the drone with its registration number. Registered drones and their operators are catalogued by the DGCA, which helps authorities track authorized drone activities and identify rogue units if needed droneller.com geosurveypersada.com. Operating an unregistered drone in public airspace (especially if above certain weight thresholds) can lead to penalties.

Importing and Travel with Drones: There are currently no special prohibitions on bringing personal drones into Indonesia, as long as they are for lawful use. Typically, one drone per person for personal use is allowed duty-free, but if the drone’s value exceeds certain customs thresholds (around USD $1,500 for shipped goods), formal import clearance and duties may apply balishoot.com. Travelers should declare expensive professional drone equipment at customs. It’s also advisable to carry copies of your drone’s purchase receipt, specifications, and any Indonesian DGCA registration or permit documents if you’ve arranged those in advance. This can smooth the process when entering or exiting the country with your drone.

Remote Pilot Licensing (RPL)

Operating a drone for commercial or other non-recreational purposes in Indonesia generally requires the drone pilot to be licensed. The Remote Pilot License (RPL) is the certification issued to qualified drone pilots, demonstrating that they have the knowledge and skills to fly safely and in accordance with regulations droneller.com droneller.com. Here’s what to know about drone pilot licensing:

• Who Needs an RPL: A Remote Pilot License is required for commercial drone operations – i.e. if you are flying a drone for business, professional services, or any activity where you are earning income or providing aerial services to a client droneller.com. Even for some non-profit or research activities, an RPL may be mandated, since the operations go beyond simple hobbyist flying. Recreational flyers piloting lightweight drones strictly for personal enjoyment might not need an RPL if they stay within hobbyist parameters (e.g. flying in uncongested areas below 150 m). However, Indonesia’s rules make little distinction for “hobby” versus “commercial” in uncontrolled airspace; obtaining at least the basic remote pilot certificate is highly recommended for any regular drone user. It both ensures you understand the rules and provides legal protection if something goes wrong.
• Licensing Process: The RPL process involves training and examination. Prospective pilots must undergo training through a DGCA-approved drone school or aviation training organization. The curriculum covers theory (airspace rules, navigation, meteorology, emergency procedures, aviation law, etc.) and practical flight skills droneller.com droneller.com. After training, candidates must pass a written knowledge exam and a practical flight test administered or supervised by DGCA-certified examiners. They must demonstrate the ability to operate the drone safely, maintain control, handle simulated emergencies, and comply with all regulations during a flight droneller.com droneller.com.
• License Privileges and Validity: Once granted, a Remote Pilot License confirms you as a certified drone operator – a mark of professionalism and responsibility. This license allows you to conduct drone flights for various applications (aerial photography, videography, surveying, inspections, etc.) legally droneller.com. The RPL is typically valid for a certain period (often 2–3 years) and can be renewed upon showing continued proficiency or undergoing refresher training as required. RPL holders are expected to carry their license or have it accessible during operations, as enforcement officers may ask to see credentials if they question a drone flight.
• Operational Ratings: Indonesia’s CASR Part 107 (Permenhub 63/2021) likely includes different “ratings” or endorsements on the RPL for specific types of operations – for example, flying at night or beyond visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) might require additional authorization or a higher class of license. As of 2025, most RPLs cover visual-line-of-sight (VLOS) daytime operations by default. Advanced operations (like BVLOS or operating large drones) are typically handled via special waivers or separate licensing provisions.
• Recreational User Note: If you are a casual hobbyist flying a small drone under safe conditions, you technically fall under “Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) Operator” rules rather than needing a full pilot license peraturan.bpk.go.id. However, you should complete any basic training modules available (for instance, some countries have a short online test for hobbyists – Indonesia may introduce similar). Always have identification and any proof of training when flying, even as a hobbyist, as local authorities may ask due to safety or security concerns.

In summary, Indonesia treats drone pilots similar to pilots of manned aircraft in the sense that competency must be proven. The RPL is your ticket to operate drones commercially and unlock their full potential within the law, assuring clients and authorities that you know how to fly safely and professionally droneller.com.

Airspace Classifications and No-Fly Zones

Indonesia’s airspace is divided into areas where drones may fly freely and areas where flights are restricted or banned. Drone pilots must be aware of these no-fly zones to avoid hefty penalties and safety hazards. Key airspace restrictions include:

• Prohibited Areas: These are highly sensitive zones where no aircraft (manned or unmanned) are allowed to fly. Prohibited airspace often overlies locations like the Presidential Palace, military installations, national vital objects, and nuclear facilities. By law, camera-equipped drones must stay at least 500 meters away from the outer boundary of any prohibited area terra-drone.co.id. For example, you cannot fly a drone within half a kilometer of the Istana Merdeka (presidential palace in Jakarta) or certain government complexes. These areas are permanently off-limits for drones to protect national security and privacy.
• Restricted Areas: These are areas of airspace that are not always active but are reserved for specific uses (typically military or government operations). They can be activated for military exercises, security operations, or special events. Drones are forbidden within 500 m of restricted areas as well terra-drone.co.id. Examples include airspace around military bases, training ranges, or temporary security zones. Restricted areas might be active only at certain times – but as a drone pilot, you must treat them as no-fly zones unless you have explicit permission from the military authority. Flying a drone into a restricted zone (or even near one with a camera) without clearance can result in administrative fines up to Rp 5 billion under PP No.4/2018 terra-drone.co.id.
• Airport Zones (KKOP): It is strictly forbidden to fly drones near airports and aerodromes. Indonesian rules prohibit drone operations in the Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan (KKOP), which is the flight safety zone around an airport geosurveypersada.com geosurveypersada.com. Practically, this translates to a large radius (commonly cited as about 15 km) around any airport in which drones cannot fly without permission uavcoach.com. Controlled airspace around airports (Class C/D airspace, approach and departure paths) is off-limits to drones at all times unless a special DGCA/AirNav permit is obtained. The reason is to prevent interference with manned aircraft – even a small drone can cause a serious incident if it collides with a passenger plane. Bottom line: Do not fly anywhere near airports, runways, or helicopter landing sites. For instance, in Bali, drones are banned within 9 km of Ngurah Rai International Airport. In Jakarta, the no-drone zone extends over much of the city due to proximity to Soekarno-Hatta and Halim Airports.
• Urban and Crowded Areas: While not a formal airspace class, flying over densely populated areas or large crowds is against the rules. Indonesia prohibits drone flights over crowds of people, urban downtown cores, or gatherings such as concerts and protests uavcoach.com. Populated areas present high risk – a drone malfunction could injure many people on the ground. Privacy is also a concern in residential neighborhoods. If you must fly in a city for, say, real estate photography, you are expected to obtain permits and ensure the operation is over controlled-access property with no uninvolved people below. Many provinces require notice or permits for any drone filming in public urban spaces (for example, Jakarta authorities may ask for police permission for aerial filming in the city). Always check local rules (discussed further below) and err on the side of caution in built-up areas.
• Temporary Flight Restrictions: Aside from permanently restricted zones, the government can issue temporary no-fly zones for drones during special events or emergencies. For example, during the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta/Palembang, authorities declared certain areas drone-free for security. Similarly, large international events, VIP visits, or disaster areas may be declared off-limits. These restrictions are usually announced via Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) or public statements. Drone pilots should stay alert to news – ignorance of a temporary restriction is not an excuse. A recent example is the drone ban over the Mandalika circuit during MotoGP races; this was a temporary security measure vigorously enforced by police jamming equipment ussfeed.com indonesia.go.id.

Knowing the airspace: All drone operators should familiarize themselves with aeronautical maps or the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) geo-zone maps if available. The DGCA, through the AirNav Indonesia system, provides maps indicating prohibited/restricted areas and airport zones. Some consumer drone apps also integrate no-fly zone warnings. However, do not rely solely on apps – as a pilot you must know, for example, that flying near a military base or above a prison is illegal even if an app doesn’t flag it. When in doubt, consult the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) or contact the local Air Traffic Service unit for guidance on where drones can or cannot fly.

To summarize, drones are not allowed in: (1) prohibited security areas, (2) restricted military areas, (3) the vicinity of airports/airfields, (4) over crowds or critical infrastructure, and (5) any other area specifically declared as a no-fly zone by authorities indonesia.go.id. Always plan your flight to avoid these zones by a wide margin. Violating no-fly zones can result in your drone being confiscated or even shot down, and can lead to severe legal consequences as detailed later (fines and jail time) terra-drone.co.id ussfeed.com.

Operational Limitations for Drone Flights

When flying in permitted areas, drone operators must still follow operational limits set by Indonesia’s aviation regulations to ensure safety. The key operational restrictions include:

• Maximum Altitude: Drones may not be flown higher than 150 meters (500 feet) above ground level without explicit permission uavcoach.com kumparan.com. This 150 m AGL limit is a general rule in line with international standards to keep drones well below manned aircraft cruising altitudes. If you need to fly above 150 m (for instance, for a survey in a remote area), you must obtain a DGCA flight authorization in advance. Importantly, in uncontrolled airspace far from airports you can use the 150 m limit, but in any controlled airspace near an airport, the practical altitude limit is 0 feet unless authorized (since drones aren’t allowed there at all). The altitude cap is about preventing conflicts with low-flying helicopters or small planes and providing a safety buffer.
• Visual Line-of-Sight (VLOS) Only: By default, drone pilots must maintain uninterrupted visual contact with their drone during flight uavcoach.com droneller.com. This means no flying beyond the range where you can see the drone with your own eyes. First-person-view (FPV) goggles or camera monitor can be used to frame shots, but they do not substitute for direct visual observation. A spotter can be used to help, but either the pilot or a crew member must always have eyes on the aircraft. Flying beyond line-of-sight (BVLOS) is not permitted for civil drones unless under a special DGCA trial or specific BVLOS permit, which as of 2025 are rare (usually granted for government or industrial projects on a case-by-case basis). The VLOS rule is crucial to ensure you can avoid obstacles, aircraft, or people – if you can’t see your drone, you can’t reliably prevent an accident.
• Daylight-Only Operations: Flying at night is generally prohibited. Drones may only be operated during daylight hours (sunrise to sunset) and in good weather conditions uavcoach.com. Night operations would require special approval and typically additional equipment (like anti-collision lighting). As of now, assume you cannot fly after dark. Not only is orientation difficult at night, but flying in darkness could pose security concerns (authorities might treat an unknown night drone as a threat). Plan your flights to conclude well before dusk. If you have a specific need for night filming, you’ll need to pursue a special waiver from DGCA, which will involve showing strong safety mitigations.
• No Flying Over People or Moving Vehicles: Indonesian rules ban drones from flying directly over uninvolved people, crowds, or congested public areas uavcoach.com. You should also avoid flying over or along busy roads with traffic. Furthermore, launching or flying a drone from a moving vehicle is not allowed uavcoach.com. For example, you cannot operate a drone from a moving car or boat to chase a shot. The combination of a moving platform and drone can be unpredictable and is thus restricted. The only exception might be if you are in a large open area with no one around and the vehicle is moving slowly – but as a rule, take off from a stationary position on stable ground.
• Weather and Line of Sight: Drones must be flown in safe meteorological conditions. Do not fly in heavy rain, thunderstorms, or high winds. Indonesia’s climate can be tropical – sudden rainstorms or strong gusts are common. Poor weather not only endangers your drone, it also violates the requirement to keep safe control. Additionally, maintain a certain distance from clouds. While specific cloud clearance distances are not widely published for Indonesian drone rules, a good practice (and likely embedded in CASR 107) is to keep at least 150 meters below clouds and 200 meters horizontally from them. This ensures you don’t pop into the path of an aircraft flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) which might be near a cloud layer.
• Maximum Speed: Indonesian regulations cap the maximum speed of drones to prevent loss of control. The limit is 87 knots (about 161 km/h or 100 mph) tempo.co. This is quite fast and most consumer drones won’t approach it. However, custom or racing drones could. Exceeding this speed is unsafe as it reduces your reaction time and can amplify any collision impact. Always fly at a controllable speed, especially in tighter airspace. In populated areas or close quarters, you should fly much slower than the maximum to ensure precise maneuvering.
• Distance from Pilot: Although not explicitly stated in public documents, maintaining a reasonable maximum distance from the pilot is implied by the VLOS rule. Typically, this might be a few hundred meters range at most, depending on your drone size and visibility. Always keep the drone close enough to distinguish its orientation. Some sources mention a 500-meter (1,640 ft) horizontal distance limit from the pilot in Indonesia linkedin.com, which aligns with many countries’ rules. Essentially, don’t let your drone wander too far – keep it in the range where visual and control connection is reliable.
• Yield Right of Way: Drones must give way to all manned aircraft. If you see or hear a helicopter or low-flying plane, immediately descend and/or maneuver out of its path. This is a fundamental rule: manned aviation always has priority.
• No Hazardous Materials or Weaponization: Attaching weapons or dropping dangerous objects from a drone is strictly illegal. Drones cannot carry explosives, fireworks, firearms, etc. Dropping any object is generally prohibited unless approved (for example, approved agricultural spraying drones can release substances in controlled manner). Even seemingly innocuous dropping (like scattering flower petals at an event) needs permission due to safety.
• Privacy and Camera Use: By regulation, drones with cameras must not be used to violate privacy or survey sensitive areas without permission. As noted earlier, it’s illegal to fly within 500 m of a restricted area with a camera active kumparan.com. Taking photos or videos of people on private property without consent can run afoul of anti-voyeurism or privacy laws. Always be mindful when recording – in some cases you may need separate filming permits (next section).

In summary, operational limitations require you to fly low (<=150 m), within sight, during daytime, away from people and airports, at safe speeds, and with full control. These limits significantly reduce the risk of collisions between drones and other aircraft or persons. If your mission requires exceeding any of these limits, you must obtain a special permit or waiver from DGCA in advance – flying first and asking forgiveness later is not a wise strategy in Indonesia’s regulated environment.

Flight Permissions and Operational Procedures

Complying with the above restrictions will cover purely recreational flights in safe areas. However, if you plan to operate in more sensitive airspace or for commercial purposes, Indonesia requires additional operating permits and coordination. The process to legally fly a drone in controlled or otherwise restricted conditions typically involves multiple steps and agencies. Below is an overview of the permit process for drone operations:

1. Drone Registration & Remote Pilot Certificate: Before applying to fly in sensitive areas, you must have your drone registered and (if applicable) hold a remote pilot license. The DGCA (through DKPPU) issues the drone Registration Certificate and Remote Pilot License, which are prerequisites for any further operational approval geosurveypersada.com. Essentially, you and your drone need to be “legal” and documented in the system first.
2. DGCA Flight Operation Permit: For any operation in controlled airspace or other scenario requiring authorization, you need an Izin Operasi (operation permit) from the DGCA’s Air Navigation Directorate. If you plan to fly within controlled airspace, or above 150 m in uncontrolled airspace, you must apply for this permit terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id. The process starts with obtaining a recommendation letter from the relevant airspace regulator:
   • If the location is in civilian controlled airspace (e.g. under an airport’s control zone or other managed airspace), the regulator is AirNav Indonesia (Perum LPPNPI). You’d submit a request to AirNav detailing your flight plan (location, time, altitude) and AirNav will issue a Surat Rekomendasi (recommendation) if they approve terra-drone.co.id.
   • If the location is in a restricted or prohibited area (military airspace), the regulator is the Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU). You would need their clearance/recommendation to proceed terra-drone.co.id.
   • In uncontrolled airspace above 150 m altitude, AirNav/DGCA will also be involved since you’re entering higher airspace.
   Once you have the recommendation, you submit it with an Operation Permit application to DGCA (Ditjen Hubud) terra-drone.co.id. This application typically should include your flight plan, drone/pilot details, purpose of flight, maps of the area, risk mitigation measures, and proof of insurance. DGCA will review and, if all is in order, issue you an operation permit for the specified flight(s). SIDOPI-GO, the online System for Drone Operator Permit and Pilot Registration, was launched to streamline this process digitally kumparan.com. It allows pilots to request flight approvals online and track their status.
3. Security Clearance: If your drone activity involves aerial photography, videography, mapping, or data collection, you may need a Security Clearance (Surat Izin Security) from the Ministry of Defense. Specifically, the Directorate General of Defense Strategy (Dirjen Strahan Kemhan) handles clearances for activities that could have security implications (mapping, surveying strategic areas, etc.) geosurveypersada.com. Typically, for filming or mapping, you must submit an application describing what data you will capture and where, and obtain a clearance that the mission poses no national security issue. This is to prevent espionage or sensitive imagery capture. In addition, the regulations require that for any aerial photography/filming/mapping, the operator must have a permit from local authorities in the area being imaged kumparan.com. Practically, that means if you’re shooting a commercial video or doing mapping, you should get a letter from the local government or relevant agency authorizing it. Often, the security clearance process will demand such local permission letters as part of the application. Flying a camera drone without these permits (if required) can be seen as illegal surveillance.
4. Local Air Traffic Coordination: Even after obtaining an operation permit, coordination on the day of flight is required. DGCA typically instructs that the drone operator must inform and coordinate with local Air Traffic Control or Flight Information Service before launch terra-drone.co.id. This ensures the ATC unit knows about your drone flight and can alert you or other traffic if needed. In practice, once you have a permit, you would call the nearest control tower or AirNav facility prior to flight to “activate” your permit and get last-minute clearance. If you’re near an airport, they might give you a specific time window to fly or ask you to hold if manned traffic is expected.
5. Military Oversight for Restricted Zones: If flying in a military-controlled area (with permission), you will likely be escorted or monitored by the TNI. You may need to check in at the nearest airbase or command center. Sometimes a written flight approval from the local Air Force base commander (Surat Izin Terbang) is issued for operations in restricted airspace geosurveypersada.com. This comes after you’ve secured the other permits. Essentially, multiple green lights are needed before you launch in such areas – from DGCA, from Defense (if applicable), and from the local military unit on site.
6. Other Local Permits: Depending on the location and purpose, additional permits may be required from local authorities. For example, to fly in a national park or heritage site, you need permission from the park management. To fly over someone’s private property, you should have the owner’s consent. Some cities or provinces might have their own permit or notification system via local police or tourism offices for drone use. Always research the specific locality. A notable case: in Komodo National Park (East Nusa Tenggara), drone operators must obtain permits from three agencies – the DGCA (for flight), the park authority (Ministry of Environment and Forestry), and the Defense Ministry – a process that can take up to 21 working days ksdae.menlhk.go.id. This underscores that in special regions, bureaucracy can be significant.
7. Pre-Flight Checklist & Notices: Once all paperwork is in place, pilots should conduct standard pre-flight checks (equipment, GPS, failsafe, weather, etc.). It’s good practice to carry copies (physical or digital) of all your permits while in the field. If approached by police or officials, you can immediately show that your operation is authorized. Also, if a NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) was issued for your drone operation (sometimes done for larger drone activities), be sure to adhere to the specified time/area exactly.
8. Post-Flight Reporting: In some cases, you might be required to report back after the flight (especially for mapping or survey missions). This could involve submitting your captured data for inspection or simply informing DGCA/Defense that the operation is completed successfully. Such post-flight reports ensure compliance with what was permitted.

The above process may seem daunting, but it’s designed to integrate drone operations safely into national airspace and address security/privacy concerns. Many commercial drone operators in Indonesia work with local drone associations or service companies to handle the permitting process. For instance, the Indonesian Drone Pilot Association (APDI) often assists members in navigating approvals. The timeline for obtaining all necessary permissions can be on the order of 1–3 weeks, so plan well ahead for any project requiring special clearance ksdae.menlhk.go.id. Do not attempt to shortcut the process; flying without proper permits in controlled or sensitive airspace can lead to immediate intervention by authorities (including having your drone jammed or taken down) and subsequent legal trouble.

Insurance Requirements for Drone Operations

Liability insurance is a must-have for drone operators in Indonesia, especially for commercial flights. Recognizing the potential risks drones pose to people and property, the government explicitly requires insurance coverage as part of the permitting process portal.dephub.go.id. Here’s what to know about insurance:

• Mandatory Insurance for Permits: When applying for a drone operation permit from DGCA, operators must submit proof of third-party liability insurance for the drone. This was stipulated in the 2016 amendment to the drone regulation and remains in force portal.dephub.go.id. The insurance policy should cover damage or injury to third parties that might result from your drone activities. Practically, this means if your drone crashes into someone’s roof or causes an accident, the insurance will cover the repairs or medical bills instead of you personally. Without this, the DGCA will not issue an operation permit.
• Coverage Requirements: The exact minimum coverage amount isn’t stated in the public summaries, but it should be commensurate with the risk. Often, a policy limit in the range of hundreds of millions of rupiah is advisable for commercial operations (tens of thousands of US dollars). The insurance can be obtained from various insurers in Indonesia that offer UAV insurance policies. Ensure the policy is valid in Indonesia and covers the specific drone and activities you will perform. Some events or projects might even ask for higher coverage (e.g. if filming a major event, the organizer might want to be an insured party on your policy).
• When Insurance is Needed: For any commercial operation or any flight requiring a permit, insurance is compulsory. Even for recreational flyers, it is strongly recommended. Drones can cause inadvertent harm – e.g., a sudden flyaway hitting a car or a person. Without insurance, you as the operator would be fully liable for costs and could face lawsuits or significant compensation claims. Insurance provides a financial safety net. It also demonstrates to authorities that you are a responsible operator (they know any damages can be covered).
• Types of Insurance: The primary requirement is third-party liability. However, drone operators may also consider hull insurance (to cover damage to the drone itself, especially expensive rigs) and personal injury insurance for the pilot. Some policies might also cover data liabilities (if your drone data gets lost or causes some data breach, in specialized cases). For most, a straightforward liability policy is enough. Ensure it covers not just accidents but also legal defense costs in case of claims.
• Proof of Insurance: Keep a copy of your insurance certificate/policy with you during operations. If an incident occurs or if an official asks, you should be able to show that you have active insurance. Typically, the insurance document would also have been submitted to DGCA with your permit application, but on-site proof is wise to have.

In essence, insurance is both a legal requirement and a smart precaution. Drones are “flying robots” that can unpredictably malfunction – rotors can fail, batteries can die, or control signals can be lost – leading to crashes. As one commentary puts it, liability insurance is your financial safety net in case an “unexpected journey” by your drone leads to an unfortunate incident droneller.com droneller.com. It protects you from bearing the full brunt of accident costs and ensures victims can be compensated. Skipping insurance not only jeopardizes your permit status but also puts your personal finances at dire risk if something goes wrong.

Enforcement and Penalties for Non-Compliance

Indonesia enforces its drone regulations with a combination of administrative penalties (fines, permit revocations) and criminal penalties (for serious violations). The authorities have made it clear that non-compliance can result in “stiff penalties, including jail time and heavy fines” uavcoach.com. Below is an overview of potential penalties:

• Administrative Sanctions: The DGCA, under Permenhub No. 47/2016 and updated regulations, can impose administrative measures on drone operators who violate the rules. These sanctions include official warnings, suspension of permits, revocation of permits/licenses, and administrative fines terra-drone.co.id. For example, if an operator flies without the required permit or breaches altitude limits, DGCA might issue a warning or suspend their drone flying authorization. Administrative fines are measured in “Penalty Units” – in 2016 these ranged from 1,001 to 3,000 units (equating to about Rp 101 million to Rp 300 million) for drone violations terra-drone.co.id. There is indication that newer rules (Permenhub 27/2021) also allow hefty fines, possibly up to Rp 1.5 billion in certain cases, for administrative violations in aviation nationalgeographic.grid.id. The idea is to create a deterrent so operators take the regulations seriously.
• Criminal Penalties: Serious breaches of drone laws, especially those endangering safety or security, fall under Indonesia’s Aviation Act (Law No. 1 of 2009). This law contains criminal provisions (Articles 410–443) that apply to anyone operating an aircraft in violation of aviation safety or security regulations terra-drone.co.id. Because drones are considered aircraft, those provisions can be used to prosecute rogue drone pilots. The punishments under the law vary by offense severity, but generally they range from 1 to 5 years imprisonment and fines from Rp 100 million up to Rp 5 billion for drone-related offenses terra-drone.co.id. For instance:
  • Flying a drone in a forbidden area (like near an airport or over a restricted zone) can invoke Article 421 which prescribes up to 3 years in jail or hefty fines in the lower hundreds of millions of rupiah.
  • If a drone causes an accident or poses a danger to an aircraft, penalties escalate to the maximum – 5 years imprisonment and Rp 5,000,000,000 fine (approximately USD $300,000) terra-drone.co.id. This top penalty is often cited by officials as the consequence for reckless drone flights. The Jakarta Globe reported that violating drone flight regs can indeed lead to fines “up to Rp 5 billion ($308,000) and imprisonment 1–5 years” jakartaglobe.id.
  • Using a drone for illicit purposes (spying, smuggling, etc.) could also trigger charges under other laws (e.g., privacy law, Telecommunications Law if frequencies are misused, etc.) with their own penalties.
• Equipment Seizure and Disabling: Aside from legal penalties, authorities have the right to confiscate your drone or force it down if you are caught violating rules. As seen in multiple instances, unauthorized drones have been electronically jammed and taken down by police and military units ussfeed.com indonesia.go.id. The drone may be returned after investigation, or it may be held as evidence if legal action is taken. In worst cases (like a drone threatening an active airport), law enforcement or military might even shoot it down if necessary. Expect no compensation if your drone is destroyed due to your violation.
• Recent Enforcement Examples: Enforcement has been real and public. During the 2022 MotoGP event in Mandalika, police pulled down 21 illegal drones and stated that all those pilots could be charged with 5 years jail and Rp 5 billion fines ussfeed.com. Initially, they opted to warn and educate, but repeat offenders would face prosecution. In another case, two foreign tourists in Yogyakarta were arrested for flying a drone near a military area – they were investigated under the Aviation Act and could have faced prison (though often, authorities will deport foreigners in such scenarios rather than pursue full jail term). These examples illustrate that Indonesia is willing to apply strict laws to drone misuse.
• Due Process: If you are accused of a drone violation, you will typically be subject to investigation by civil aviation inspectors or police. Minor infractions might result in a summons and fine (akin to a ticket). Serious cases go to court. Always cooperate with authorities if confronted during a drone flight – resisting or fleeing will only worsen your situation. Keep in mind that “I didn’t know the rule” is not an acceptable defense. The regulations are considered public knowledge.
• Penalties for Foreign Operators: Foreigners are not exempt. In fact, unlicensed foreign drone operators often attract attention. If a tourist flies a drone irresponsibly (e.g., over a crowded beach or near a temple without permission), police can seize the drone and impose fines. In some cases, foreign violators have been threatened with jail or deported. Bali authorities, for example, have warned tourists against flying drones recklessly and have fined some who did.
• Administrative Appeals: If you believe a permit denial or sanction by DGCA is unwarranted, there are appeal channels within the Ministry of Transportation. But for most pilots, it’s more practical to comply and rectify the issue (e.g., pay the fine, undergo remedial training) than to engage in lengthy appeals.

In summary, Indonesia backs up its drone rules with significant penalties to ensure compliance. The combination of administrative fines (in the hundreds of millions of rupiah) and potential criminal charges means operators must take the law seriously. The presence of dedicated “Drone Police” units (such as the Brimob anti-drone team deployed at Mandalika) shows that enforcement is active indonesia.go.id indonesia.go.id. To avoid any run-ins with the law: follow the rules, get the proper permits, and use common sense. It’s far better to invest time and money in compliance than to face a Rp 5 billion fine or time behind bars for a lapse in judgment.

Relevant Authorities and Governance Structure

Several government bodies are involved in regulating and overseeing drones in Indonesia, reflecting the multifaceted nature of drone operations (aviation safety, security, defense, etc.). Here are the key authorities and their roles:

• Ministry of Transportation (Kementerian Perhubungan): This is the primary ministry in charge of civil aviation. Within it, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA or “Ditjen Hubud”) formulates and enforces drone regulations droneller.com. DGCA handles drone registration, pilot licensing, airworthiness standards, and issuance of flight permits. Two important directorates under DGCA are:
  • Directorate of Airworthiness & Aircraft Operation (DKPPU): oversees drone certification (CASR Part 22) and pilot licensing/training standards, as well as the registration of drones geosurveypersada.com.
  • Directorate of Air Navigation (DNP): manages integration of drones into airspace, including evaluating flight permit requests and coordinating with AirNav for airspace use terra-drone.co.id. They ensure drone operations don’t conflict with manned aviation.
• AirNav Indonesia (Perum LPPNPI): This state-owned enterprise provides Air Traffic Control (ATC) and flight information services in Indonesian airspace. AirNav is the “civil airspace regulator” referenced in the drone rules terra-drone.co.id. They review drone operation requests in controlled airspace and issue recommendations or restrictions. Local AirNav/ATC units must be informed of drone activities near their airspace. Essentially, AirNav’s role is to maintain safe separation between drones and manned aircraft. The SIDOPI system is likely connected with AirNav for processing no-fly zones and giving maps to users pilotdronesumbar.com.
• Indonesian National Military (TNI) – Air Force (TNI Angkatan Udara): The Air Force is responsible for security of the national airspace, along with the Ministry of Defense. They control prohibited/restricted airspaces. If you want to fly in or near such areas, you need TNI-AU’s clearance. The Air Force also often leads the effort in detecting and neutralizing rogue drones in high-security events (e.g., they coordinate anti-drone deployments). Under PP No. 4/2018, the Air Force has authority to enforce airspace security, which includes taking action against unauthorized foreign or suspicious drones terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id.
• Ministry of Defense (Kementerian Pertahanan): Through its Directorate of Defense Strategy, the ministry issues security clearances for aerial data gathering. They also define which sites are sensitive (together with other ministries) – for instance, they propose to the President which installations become “objek vital nasional” (national vital objects) that are off-limits to drones terra-drone.co.id. The Defense Ministry works with Transportation to harmonize drone rules with security needs. In practice, any drone operation that might raise security issues will involve the Defense Ministry’s approval.
• National Police (Polri): The police are increasingly involved in enforcing drone regulations on the ground. They have units (sometimes in collaboration with Brimob, the mobile brigade) trained to handle drone incidents indonesia.go.id indonesia.go.id. Police may respond to complaints of illegal drone flights, seize drones, and press charges under the Aviation Act or other laws. For example, Polda (Regional Police) in tourist areas like Bali and NTB have been proactive in warning drone users and taking action as needed ussfeed.com ussfeed.com. The police also coordinate with event organizers to manage airspace security during large events.
• Local Governments: Provincial and city governments do not have separate drone laws (drone regulation is national), but they play a role in authorizing local drone activities. For instance, a city tourism office might need to approve drone filming at a city landmark. Some regions may issue public guidelines – Bali’s provincial government has periodically issued advisories for tourists using drones, reminding them of national rules. Local authorities can also liaise with police to enforce rules if drones are causing public disturbances or privacy complaints.
• Other Agencies: Depending on context, other bodies might get involved:
  • The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kominfo) regulates radio frequency spectrum. Drones typically use certain frequencies to communicate. Using non-standard or high-power transmitters could violate telecom laws. In general, common drone models are fine, but large custom drones might need type approval for their communication equipment.
  • Airports Authority: At major airports, the airport operator and Airport Authority (under DGCA) are vigilant about drone intrusions. They coordinate with police and can halt airport operations if a drone is spotted (as has happened in other countries).
  • Search and Rescue (BASARNAS): In emergency scenarios (like a lost drone or an accident caused by a drone), BASARNAS could be involved in recovery or investigation, although this is rare.
• Judiciary: If matters escalate to criminal court, the judicial system and prosecutors come into play. They interpret the Aviation Act in drone cases. Notably, since drones are relatively new, any landmark court rulings (e.g., sentencing someone for a drone infraction) will set important precedents. So far, most issues have been handled administratively or with warnings, but this could change with more drone traffic.
• Drone Associations and Training Organizations: While not government, groups like APDI (Indonesian Drone Pilot Association) and various drone training schools act as intermediaries. They disseminate government rules to the drone community, provide guidance, and often coordinate with DGCA to ensure pilots are following the law. APDI has even helped draft ethical codes and promotes compliance among members drone.instiperjogja.ac.id drone.instiperjogja.ac.id.

In summary, Indonesia’s governance model for drones is inter-agency: the Transportation Ministry (DGCA) sets the rules and handles civil compliance, the Defense establishment safeguards security aspects, and the Police enforce laws on the ground. Drone operators may need to interact with multiple agencies for permissions (e.g., DGCA + AirNav + TNI for a single flight). This underscores why obtaining permits can take time and why being informed is crucial. The good news is that Indonesia has been actively improving inter-agency coordination (e.g., via one-stop online apps) to make things smoother for compliant operators kumparan.com. Still, as an operator, you should know who has jurisdiction in your operating area – for instance, if you’re near a military base, understand it’s the Air Force you must not anger, or if you’re near an airport, AirNav/ATC is your authority. Keeping all these stakeholders satisfied is key to a successful and legal drone operation in Indonesia’s skies.

Local and Regional Regulations

While drone laws are national, certain regions or situations in Indonesia have additional local rules or practices that drone pilots should be aware of. These are not separate laws per se, but rather local conditions, guidelines, or permit requirements layered on top of national regulations:

• Bali: The resort island of Bali is a very popular place for aerial photography, but pilots must be cautious. There is no special “Bali drone law” – national rules apply – yet local enforcement can be strict due to security and cultural considerations. Authorities in Bali have issued reminders that drones are prohibited around temples and religious ceremonies without permission, out of respect and to prevent disturbances. For example, flying a drone over a temple during a prayer session could get you in serious trouble with local community leaders (pecalang) or police. Additionally, near Bali’s airports (Denpasar and the new North Bali airport plan), enforcement is rigorous – tourists have been fined for flying on the beach within the airport zone. Recently, Bali’s governor even floated the idea of requiring foreign drone users to have permits similar to how they’re considering motorbike restrictions (though as of 2025, no formal regional regulation on drones exists) – this reflects Bali’s general crackdown on unruly tourist behavior. Tip: In Bali, always ask for permission if you plan to fly over private resorts, populated beaches, or cultural sites. Many resorts and beach clubs have their own policies (some outright ban drones for privacy of guests). The Bali tourism office or local village authorities can sometimes grant permission for specific shoots if approached properly.
• Jakarta and Urban Areas: Jakarta’s metropolitan area is largely within controlled airspace of two airports, making it mostly a no-fly zone unless you coordinate with authorities. The city police have treated unauthorized drones over downtown as potential threats in the past (especially around Merdeka Square, presidential palace, embassies, etc. which are all sensitive zones). If you have a legitimate reason to fly in Jakarta (e.g., media coverage, real estate), it’s imperative to go through DGCA and perhaps even obtain letters from the city administration or police. Similar caution should be applied in other big cities like Surabaya, Medan, etc., where airports are centrally located.
• Yogyakarta and Other Special Regions: Yogyakarta has royal palaces and military zones (the city is near an Air Force base). Two drone pilots were arrested in 2021 for flying near a military area in Yogyakarta without permission tugumalang.id. This shows that some regions with heavy military presence (Yogyakarta, Surabaya, etc.) will strictly enforce no-fly zones. In contrast, more remote cities or rural areas might be lenient as long as you follow basic rules.
• National Parks and Conservation Areas: If you plan to fly in national parks (Komodo, Bromo-Tengger-Semeru, Raja Ampat marine park, etc.), know that the park authorities often require separate filming permits and charge fees for drone usage. For instance, Komodo National Park, as mentioned, requires a multi-agency permit with potentially a 21-day lead time ksdae.menlhk.go.id. Bromo volcano area has had incidents of illegal drone flights causing disturbances; park rangers now watch for drones and will stop unpermitted ones. Always contact the park’s management office in advance – many have official permit processes for photography. They may require you to be accompanied by a ranger during the flight. There can also be restrictions to protect wildlife (e.g., drones can scare nesting birds or Komodo dragons, so authorities might limit flying times or altitudes).
• Cultural and Religious Sensitivity: Indonesia is culturally diverse and has many sacred sites. In places like Aceh (which practices Sharia law) or parts of West Sumatra, flying a camera drone could be seen as intrusive if not coordinated – especially over villages or women’s bathing areas, etc. Always be respectful and seek local advice. During certain events (e.g., big mosque gatherings, Independence Day ceremonies, etc.), local governments usually ban drones over the event location for security.
• Temporary Local Bans: Occasionally, after incidents or complaints, local officials might announce temporary bans. For example, if tourists misuse drones at a popular waterfall or on a busy beach, a local ordinance might be put up saying “No Drones” to prevent nuisance and privacy invasion. These might not be formal laws, but if local authorities or communities have set a boundary, violating it could result in confiscation or confrontations. It’s wise to follow any posted signs or community requests regarding drone use.
• Cross-Border Areas: In border regions (e.g., near Malaysia in Borneo or near Papua New Guinea in Papua), be extremely careful not to let your drone stray across the border. Not only is that illegal (entering another country’s airspace without clearance), but border security forces might react harshly. There have been past incidents of drones being taken down or confiscated by neighboring countries if they wandered over. Stick well within Indonesian territory unless you have explicit bi-national project permission.

It boils down to “know before you fly” in each locale – check if the area has any special status or ongoing issues with drones. Engage with the local community if appropriate; sometimes hiring a local guide or fixer who communicates your intentions can smooth things over. Indonesia’s regions are generally welcoming, but one should not assume you can fly anywhere just because it’s scenic.

As a final note, Indonesia is an archipelago with many remote islands – some areas might have no one to object to your drone at all. But even in such freedom, remember national rules (you may be far from an airport, but still keep below 150 m and away from villages or animals that could be spooked). Responsible flying in every province ensures that the drone community maintains a good reputation and avoids the imposition of new stricter local restrictions.

Historical Development of Drone Regulations in Indonesia

Indonesia’s drone law regime has developed significantly in the past decade, reflecting both technological advancement and lessons learned from incidents. Here’s a brief history:

• Pre-2015: Before 2015, drones were not specifically regulated in Indonesian civil aviation law, as they were not yet common. The use of UAVs was mostly military. However, as consumer drones (like DJI Phantoms) began to appear in the hands of photographers and hobbyists, authorities grew concerned due to a few early incidents (e.g., drones flying over presidential events or near airports, which raised security alarms). The existing Aviation Act 2009 already provided a legal basis to treat any aircraft operations as regulated, but detailed rules were lacking.
• 2015 – First Drone Regulations: In May 2015, the Ministry of Transportation issued PM 90 of 2015, the country’s first dedicated drone regulation pilotdronesumbar.com. It established basic operational restrictions (like the 3 no-fly zones we discussed: prohibited areas, restricted areas, and airport KKOP) geosurveypersada.com geosurveypersada.com, and required drone users to get permission for flights in controlled airspace. However, PM 90/2015 was quite basic and was quickly found insufficient given the drone boom. In November 2015, PM 180 of 2015 replaced it pilotdronesumbar.com, expanding on the rules and integrating them more with existing airspace management. PM 180/2015 is notable for introducing the 150 m altitude limit and formalizing the requirement to obtain an operation permit for certain flights terra-drone.co.id.
• 2016 – Introduction of Sanctions and Insurance: By 2016, drones were even more popular (Bali, for example, saw many tourist drones). Concerned with compliance, the Ministry amended the rules via PM 47 of 2016. This amendment explicitly added the need for liability insurance in drone permit applications and detailed administrative sanctions for violations portal.dephub.go.id. It effectively gave the DGCA teeth to punish rule-breakers by fines or permit revocations. After PM 47/2016, users could no longer claim ignorance without facing consequences. Also around this time, public awareness campaigns started – the DGCA and local aviation communities began educating people that you cannot just fly drones anywhere. News stories of people being detained for illegal drone use (e.g., a foreigner flying near Istana Merdeka) surfaced, which further spread awareness.
• 2018 – Airspace Security Emphasis: The issuance of PP No. 4 of 2018 by the central government highlighted the security aspect. This was partly in response to global worries (e.g., drones near airports like the infamous Gatwick incident in the UK) and local events. PP 4/2018 essentially integrated drones into national air defense planning, giving clear authority to shoot down or jam unauthorized drones threatening strategic areas terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id. It also coincided with Indonesia hosting big events (Asian Games 2018, IMF World Bank meeting in Bali 2018) where drone restrictions were put in place.
• 2019 – 2020: Modernization and Integration: As drone technology matured (longer range, better cameras, even talk of drone taxis), Indonesia updated its approach. The DGCA began aligning more with ICAO and other countries by developing comprehensive CASR standards. PM 37 of 2020 was a milestone: it repealed the earlier PM 180/2015 and its amendment, consolidating rules for UAV operation in one document peraturan.bpk.go.id peraturan.bpk.go.id. PM 37/2020 streamlined definitions (categorizing drones by 25 kg threshold) and clarified that any drone in controlled airspace or high altitude requires a permit terra-drone.co.id. It also set the stage for unmanned traffic management by launching digital platforms (the SIDOPI and SIPUDI systems came around this time) kumparan.com. This showed a shift from reactive regulation to a more systematic management of drones in the airspace.
• 2021 – Filling the Gaps (CASR and Enforcement): In 2021, the Ministry issued three important regulations (Permenhub 27, 34, 63 of 2021) as discussed. These filled technical gaps: CASR Part 107 via PM 63/2021 gave detailed rules for small drones (pilot certification requirements, operating limits like speed 87 knots, maintenance, etc.), CASR Part 22 via PM 34/2021 covered airworthiness for heavier drones (indicating foresight for cargo drones or more complex UAVs) balmonsemarang.postel.go.id, and PM 27/2021 updated the scheme for oversight and administrative punishment in the aviation sector meridianhukum.com. By the end of 2021, Indonesia had a fairly complete framework covering everything from pilot licensing to drone design standards.
• Public Awareness and Education: Alongside regulatory changes, Indonesia saw growth in drone clubs, associations, and educational programs. The APDI (Indonesian Drone Pilot Association) was active in promoting safe flying practices and even developing a Drone Pilot Code of Ethics drone.instiperjogja.ac.id drone.instiperjogja.ac.id. The DGCA and APDI held seminars and webinars (e.g., the December 2020 international webinar noted by the Minister portal.dephub.go.id) discussing drone regulation challenges. This era also saw the government encouraging positive drone use – like for agriculture, mapping, and the possibility of drone deliveries to remote areas – while stressing that “good regulations” must underpin these innovations portal.dephub.go.id portal.dephub.go.id.
• 2022 – 2025: Enforcement and Future Outlook: With the rules established, the focus shifted to enforcement and keeping up with technology. High-profile enforcement at events (Mandalika MotoGP 2022, G20 Summit in Bali 2022 where drones were heavily restricted, etc.) demonstrated that authorities would act decisively. By 2025, the regulatory environment is stable, but the government is looking ahead to things like drone logistics (cargo drones) and urban air mobility. Indonesia hopes for international regulatory harmonization so it can adopt best practices for these next-gen uses portal.dephub.go.id portal.dephub.go.id. On the domestic front, we might expect more integration of drones into general air traffic (perhaps corridors for delivery drones in the future) and possibly a refinement of categories (e.g., introducing a micro-drone category formally, or specific rules for FPV racing drones). Any such changes will likely be informed by global standards (ICAO is working on UAS guidance) and local industry input.

In summary, Indonesia’s drone laws grew from virtually nothing to a comprehensive system within a decade. The evolution was driven by necessity – early laissez-faire was quickly replaced by strict control when safety incidents loomed – and then by opportunity – updating laws to enable beneficial uses of drones (with proper oversight). Understanding this history helps operators appreciate why certain rules exist (usually, each rule was a response to a particular concern or incident). It also shows that Indonesia is committed to keeping its drone regulations updated, so pilots should anticipate changes as technology advances (for example, rules for beyond-visual-line-of-sight ops could be the next frontier). The trajectory is toward safe integration: enabling drones to benefit society (from photography to delivery) while safeguarding the public and manned aviation.

Cross-Border and International Operations

Drones effectively remove geographical barriers, but national borders still matter – flying a drone from one country into another or operating as a foreign pilot involves additional rules.

• Bringing Drones into Indonesia: As mentioned, Indonesia currently does not forbid import of personal drones. Travelers can bring drones in their luggage. It’s wise to carry your drone in carry-on if possible (batteries definitely in carry-on) and declare it if asked. For high-value gear or multiple drones (if you appear to be importing for commercial purposes), be ready to explain to customs. Generally, one drone per person for personal use is tolerated youtube.com. If you are shipping drones into Indonesia for a project, ensure to follow import regulations – a freight forwarder can help with clearing customs and paying any duties.
• Foreign Drone Pilots in Indonesia: If you are a foreign national wishing to operate a drone in Indonesia (for example, a professional photographer on assignment or a tourist wanting aerial shots), you must abide by the same rules as Indonesian pilots. Notably, since Indonesian drone registration requires local citizenship or entity, a foreign pilot should partner with a local to handle permits. Often, hiring a local licensed drone operator is the easiest route – they take care of the legalities and you get the shots you need. If you insist on doing it yourself, you might need to obtain a Indonesian RPL equivalent (which is not trivial unless you spend time training in-country) or get your home country license recognized (Indonesia doesn’t yet have a formal mechanism for foreign drone license recognition). Bottom line: foreigners cannot just fly drones freely – many have been cautioned or penalized for breaking rules out of ignorance. Always consult DGCA (they even provide an email and phone for inquiries uavcoach.com) well before your trip if you plan to do non-trivial drone work in Indonesia.
• Flying Abroad as an Indonesian Operator: Conversely, Indonesian drone pilots must respect the laws of other countries when operating there. Each country has its own drone regulations – some may be more lenient, others far stricter (for instance, Singapore has very strict permit requirements, Malaysia requires registration and authorizations, etc.). Before taking your drone overseas, research that country’s rules or you risk fines/confiscation there. Indonesian authorities will not protect you if you break another nation’s drone laws.
• Cross-Border Flights: It is generally illegal to fly a drone across an international border without permission from both countries. Indonesian airspace is sovereign; any foreign UAV entering it without clearance could be treated as a hostile act. The same goes if an Indonesian drone strays into Malaysia’s or another neighbor’s territory. There have been military directives to shoot down unidentified drones in border regions for security. So never attempt to fly, say, from Kalimantan (Borneo) into Malaysian Borneo with a drone – even if just out of curiosity; you could spark a diplomatic incident. If a project ever required cross-border drone operations, you would need to coordinate at a government level (through DGCA and the counterpart agency next door) – a complex process generally reserved for state or scientific missions.
• International Standards: Indonesia, as an ICAO member, is working toward aligning with emerging international UAS standards. While recreational drones are not directly covered by ICAO yet, any international operation (like flying a large drone in another country’s controlled airspace) would need to follow ICAO principles of obtaining prior diplomatic clearance (similar to how manned aircraft need overflight permission). So, consider a drone like any other aircraft: you can’t just take off in Country A and land in Country B without clearance.
• Transit with Drone Gear: If you are transiting through Indonesia with drone gear (not flying in Indonesia, just passing through), it’s generally fine. But ensure batteries are carried on and are within allowed watt-hour limits (most airlines require lithium batteries to be <100 Wh or have airline approval if 100–160 Wh). If you have a custom drone with very large batteries, that could be an issue on flights. Also, secure your data – if you have sensitive aerial footage, be mindful when crossing borders; authorities have the right to inspect content (though it’s not common for drone SD cards to be checked, unless you drew suspicion).
• Insurance Internationally: If you’re an Indonesian operator taking a job abroad, check if your liability insurance covers you globally. You might need to extend coverage or get a separate policy for operations in another country.

In essence, each country is a separate jurisdiction for drones. Indonesia’s permission stops at its borders. Do not assume that because you are licensed or permitted in one place, you can operate in another – always start from scratch with the local laws. Similarly, foreign operators in Indonesia must play by Indonesian rules. Cooperation with local pilots and authorities is the best practice when crossing borders. Given Indonesia’s firm stance on unauthorized aircraft in its airspace (reinforced by PP 4/2018 on airspace sovereignty) ussfeed.com, any foreign drone entering Indonesian skies improperly could be intercepted. Therefore, keep your drone adventures confined within the borders unless you have gone through all official channels for international operation.

Conclusion: Indonesia’s drone laws in 2025 present a comprehensive regulatory regime balancing innovation with safety and security. From hobbyist quadcopters to large commercial UAVs, every use-case has rules that must be followed. To recap, hobbyists should fly only in safe areas within 150 m altitude and always in line-of-sight, avoiding airports and sensitive locations. Commercial operators must go further – obtaining licenses, registering equipment, securing insurance, and coordinating permits with multiple agencies. Penalties for flouting the rules are severe, underscoring how seriously Indonesia treats airspace safety. On the positive side, the government is supportive of beneficial drone uses (mapping, agriculture, disaster relief, etc.) as long as operators comply with the framework. By understanding and respecting these laws, drone pilots can explore Indonesia’s stunning landscapes and cities from the air legally and safely, contributing to a culture of responsible drone usage.

Sources:

• Indonesia DGCA (Ministry of Transportation) – Unmanned Aircraft Regulations and Press Releases portal.dephub.go.id indonesia.go.id
• Terra Drone Indonesia – Articles summarizing PM 180/2015, PM 47/2016, and drone restrictions terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id
• UAV Coach – Indonesia Drone Laws (2023) uavcoach.com
• Droneller Blog – “Indonesia Drone Laws 2025” overview droneller.com droneller.com
• Kumparan News – “Aturan Terbangkan Drone di Indonesia” (June 7, 2024) kumparan.com kumparan.com
• Geo Survey Persada – “Regulasi Menerbangkan Drone” (Sept 2022) geosurveypersada.com geosurveypersada.com
• Jakarta Globe – “Know Before You Fly: A Guide to Drone Laws in Indonesia” (2024) jakartaglobe.id
• PP No.4 Tahun 2018 – Airspace Security Regulation excerpts terra-drone.co.id terra-drone.co.id
• Law No.1 Tahun 2009 (Indonesian Aviation Act) – Penal provisions overview terra-drone.co.id
• USSFeed News – “Drone di Sirkuit Mandalika Bisa Didenda 5 Miliar” ussfeed.com ussfeed.com.