Major Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Market Share Kazakhstan’s telecom market is dominated by a few large providers, led by the former state monopoly Kazakhtelecom. Kazakhtelecom (including its mobile subsidiaries) accounts for roughly 60% of the telecom market by revenue ar2023.telecom.kz. It owns major stakes in mobile operators Kcell and Tele2/Altel, consolidating much of the market under its group.…
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Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Nigeria’s internet infrastructure relies on a combination of undersea fiber-optic cables, terrestrial networks, and a handful of dominant service providers. Multiple international submarine cables land in Nigeria, connecting it to global internet hubs. Key cables include: These undersea cables terminate in Lagos and other coastal landing stations, feeding into national…
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Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Iraq’s internet infrastructure has expanded significantly since the early 2000s, though much of the core network remains under government ownership. The Ministry of Communications (MoC) controls the national fiber-optic backbone and international gateways, leasing bandwidth to private ISPs trade.gov. Iraq is connected via terrestrial fiber links to all six neighboring…
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Internet Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Afghanistan’s internet infrastructure is relatively underdeveloped, relying heavily on mobile networks and limited fixed broadband. After 2001, the country had to build its telecom network from scratch, as the previous Taliban regime had effectively banned the internet wired.com. In the two decades that followed, mobile telecommunications saw rapid growth –…
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General Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Mozambique’s internet infrastructure is still developing and heavily reliant on mobile networks. Fixed-line broadband penetration is minimal, with the state-owned Telecomunicações de Moçambique (Tmcel) being the only operator offering integrated fixed-line services trade.gov. The country is primarily served by three mobile network providers: International connectivity has improved significantly over the past…
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China’s internet landscape is characterized by massive scale, state-controlled infrastructure, and strict governance. With over a billion users online, China hosts the world’s largest internet community, but this access comes with significant restrictions and a parallel digital ecosystem separate from the global internet. Below is an overview of key aspects of internet access in China,…
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History of Internet Development in Syria Syria was relatively late in opening internet access to the public. An internet connection was established in the country by 1997, but for years Syria was the only connected Middle Eastern country that did not allow general public access hrw.org. In the late 1990s, only government institutions and a few…
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