Mobile subscriptions grew from zero in 2001 to nearly 100% penetration by 2021. A nationwide fiber-optic backbone was being rolled out, including a 400 km cross-border fiber link to China via the Wakhan Corridor that was near completion in 2021. The Taliban’s return to power in August 2021 stalled or halted many fiber and broader…
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Over 4,200 ISPs were registered in August 2024, with Kyivstar leading the market at about 19%, Vodafone Ukraine around 9%, and Lifecell around 5%. Ukraine has 52 active data centers and 24 IXPs, and about 63% of popular content is cached within the country. Starlink became a pivotal connectivity lifeline during the war, with SpaceX…
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Mozambique’s internet infrastructure is heavily mobile-dominated, with three main operators—Vodacom Mozambique (about 50% market share), Movitel, and Tmcel—while fixed-line broadband remains minimal. Tmcel has accumulated over $400 million in debt and is undergoing restructuring to avoid bankruptcy. Mozambique is connected to SEACOM and EASSy submarine cables, landed in 2009–2010, and the 2Africa subsea cable landed…
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By the end of 2023, about 1.09 billion Chinese residents were online (roughly 77.5% of the population), with over 99% of users accessing the net via mobile phones. China’s three major Internet Service Providers are China Telecom (state-owned, dominant in southern China), China Unicom (state-owned, dominant in northern regions), and China Mobile (the largest mobile…
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