Brazil’s Drone Laws 2025: Ultimate Guide to Regulations, Rules & Penalties

by Marcin Frąckiewicz
in Drones, Law, Technology
on 16 August 2025

Regulatory Authorities for Drones in Brazil

Brazil’s drone operations are governed by multiple authorities, each with a distinct role. The National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) is the primary regulator for unmanned aircraft (drones) – it issues regulations (such as RBAC-E No. 94), oversees drone registration, pilot licensing, and airworthiness certification anac.gov.br ts2.tech. Working alongside ANAC is the Department of Airspace Control (DECEA) (a branch of the Air Force), which manages the airspace and flight permissions for drones. DECEA sets operational rules for where and how drones can fly (for example, distance from airports) and runs the online system SARPAS for requesting flight authorizations anac.gov.br ts2.tech. Another key agency is ANATEL (National Telecommunications Agency), responsible for regulating the radio frequencies and wireless equipment on drones anac.gov.br ts2.tech. ANATEL ensures that drone controllers and video transmitters use approved frequency bands and power levels – drones must have ANATEL certification labels, especially if imported, to prevent harmful interference. In practice, this means if you buy a drone in Brazil it should already be ANATEL-approved, but bringing a foreign drone or custom radio could require special approval. Finally, other bodies like the Ministry of Defense and local law enforcement get involved in security matters. For instance, flying near military bases or national borders may need defense authorization ts2.tech ts2.tech, and police can enforce laws if a drone is used for illicit purposes or endangers the public. In summary, ANAC handles the “who and what” of drones (registrations, licenses, standards), DECEA handles the “where and when” (airspace access and no-fly zones), and ANATEL handles the “how” of communications – drone pilots in Brazil must comply with all three sets of rules.

Drone Classification and User Categories (Recreational vs Commercial)

Brazil’s regulations distinguish drones by purpose of use and weight class, which in turn determine the applicable rules. Drones used purely for recreation (hobby flying) are considered “model aircraft”, whereas any drone used for commercial, corporate, research, or other non-leisure purposes is classified as a “Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA)” gov.br gov.br. In practice, however, Brazil’s rules focus more on how and where a drone is flown rather than who is flying it. Both recreational and commercial operators must follow the same safety restrictions (e.g. altitude limits, distance from people), with higher requirements kicking in only for larger drones or riskier operations ts2.tech ts2.tech. For example, there is no license or minimum age requirement for flying a lightweight drone purely as a hobby in basic conditions. A child can fly a small toy drone under a parent’s supervision with no ANAC license ts2.tech gov.br. But once a drone operation goes beyond the “simple hobby” scope – such as flying higher than 120 m (400 ft) or using a heavier aircraft – the same stricter rules apply whether or not it’s for fun or business ts2.tech ts2.tech.

Drone Weight Classes: ANAC classifies RPA into three classes by weight, which is a fundamental part of the regulatory framework gov.br:

Class 3: Drones up to 25 kg (55 lbs) maximum takeoff weight gov.br. Most consumer and prosumer drones (e.g. photography drones) fall in Class 3. These enjoy the most relaxed rules when operated in low-risk conditions (daytime, below 120 m, within visual line of sight).
Class 2: Drones above 25 kg up to 150 kg (55–330 lbs) gov.br. These are larger industrial or agricultural drones. Class 2 operations face stricter oversight (including licensing and certification requirements discussed later).
Class 1: Drones above 150 kg (330 lbs) gov.br. Essentially very large unmanned aircraft – potentially capable of carrying cargo or being future passenger “air taxis.” Class 1 drones are regulated almost like manned aircraft, with the most stringent requirements.

For recreational flyers, the rules are relatively straightforward: no formal license, no minimum age, and no registration required for very small drones (under 250 g) gov.br gov.br. Recreational users must still follow all operational restrictions (discussed below) and adhere to DECEA’s airspace rules and ANATEL’s equipment rules, but ANAC does not require a pilot certificate for typical hobby flights within the standard limits ts2.tech ts2.tech. If a hobbyist wants to exceed 120 m altitude or fly a heavier drone, they are treated like a commercial operator and must obtain the proper license and approvals ts2.tech gov.br.

For commercial or non-recreational drone use (RPA operations), Brazil requires a bit more. All RPA pilots must be at least 18 years old by law ts2.tech gov.br. However, if the operation is low-risk – using a Class 3 drone under 25 kg, flying below 120 m and within visual line of sight – even a commercial operator does not need a license or special permit ts2.tech ts2.tech. This scenario is treated similarly to recreational use. On the other hand, any higher-risk operation (greater weight, higher altitude, beyond line of sight, etc.) will trigger additional requirements regardless of whether it’s recreational or commercial ts2.tech ts2.tech. In essence, Brazil’s framework doesn’t draw a hard line between “hobby” and “professional” drones – it’s the drone’s weight and the nature of the flight that determine what regulations apply. This approach ensures that a person flying a 2 kg drone for fun and a person flying that same drone for real estate photography face the same safety rules. Heavier and more capable drones (especially Class 2 and 1) or ambitious operations (like long-range flights) are what demand licenses, certifications, and stricter oversight ts2.tech ts2.tech.

Registration and Marking Requirements

All drones weighing over 250 g (0.55 lbs) must be registered with ANAC, and even lighter ones must be visibly marked with identification if they are registered gov.br gov.br. Drones at or below 250 g are exempt from registration and are considered “automatically licensed” for operation without paperwork gov.br gov.br. This 250 g threshold aligns with international norms and reflects that micro-drones pose minimal risk.

For drones above that weight, Brazil uses a two-tier registration system:

SISANT (Unmanned Aircraft System Registry): Drones in Class 3 (up to 25 kg) that will be operated within visual line of sight and below 120 m can be “inscribed” online in SISANT gov.br gov.br. This is a quick, no-cost registration through ANAC’s web portal. The owner provides personal details (including a Brazilian tax ID number), the drone’s make/model/serial, and even uploads a photo of the aircraft gov.br. They also choose an ID code for the drone (a combination of letters and numbers); the system will prepend “PR” for recreational drones or “PP” for professional drones to this code automatically gov.br. For example, a personal drone might get an ID like PR-123456, whereas a work drone might be PP-ABCDEF. Once the info is submitted, SISANT issues a Certificate of Registration (Inscription), which the operator should carry (digital or print) during flights gov.br. The assigned ID code must be affixed visibly on the drone’s body – either on the exterior or in a compartment that can be opened without tools gov.br. Most people use a sticker or label on the drone with this ID. Note: Registration in SISANT currently does not expire; it’s a one-time process (though upcoming rules may introduce renewals every 2 years) ts2.tech ts2.tech.
RAB (Brazilian Aeronautical Registry): If a drone is above 25 kg, or if a smaller drone will be flown beyond visual line of sight or above 400 ft, it must go through full registration in the manned aircraft registry (RAB) rather than the simple SISANT gov.br. In other words, all Class 1 and Class 2 drones, and any drone operating in advanced scenarios, require a conventional aircraft registration. The process for RAB registration is more involved: the operator must reserve a formal aircraft registration mark (tail number) through ANAC and submit documentation to ANAC’s registry division ts2.tech ts2.tech. The drone will then receive an official PP-* series registration (Brazil’s nationality prefix is PP for most civil aircraft). A Certificate of Aircraft Registration is issued, and the drone must have a data plate and the full registration code painted or plated on it just like a normal airplane ts2.tech ts2.tech. Essentially, the authorities treat heavy drones or high-risk operations as they would treat a small airplane, given the greater potential danger. Once registered in RAB, the drone falls under additional oversight (including airworthiness certificates, as covered later).

Foreign owners: To register a drone in Brazil, one must have a Brazilian tax identification number. Foreign pilots or tourists cannot use a foreign ID for registration – a Brazilian CPF (individual taxpayer number) or CNPJ (company number) is required gov.br. This means that before using SISANT, a foreign individual needs to obtain a CPF (which can be done online or at a Brazilian consulate) gov.br. The ANAC FAQ provides a link to the Receita Federal (Brazilian IRS) portal for foreigners to apply for a CPF gov.br. This process should ideally be done in advance of travel. Many international drone hobbyists visiting Brazil sidestep this by using sub-250g drones, which do not require registration or CPF. But if a foreign operator brings a larger drone, they must go through the same registration steps as Brazilians. There are no special exemptions for tourists – safety rules apply equally.

ANATEL (Telecom) Approval: An often overlooked requirement is that drone equipment must be approved by ANATEL. All drones sold in Brazil through official channels have ANATEL homologation, meaning their radio transmitters (for remote control, video feed, etc.) meet Brazilian frequency and power standards ts2.tech ts2.tech. If you import a drone or build one, you need to ensure the frequencies (typically 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz for most drones) are legal and the device has either been certified by ANATEL or falls under license-free usage. Operating a drone with a non-approved transmitter can lead to ANATEL fines and confiscation of the equipment ts2.tech. In fact, ANATEL has in the past seized drones brought in from abroad that lacked the required certification ts2.tech. The good news is mainstream consumer drones (DJI, etc.) are usually compliant if bought new in Brazil. But for a foreign visitor, it’s wise to check if your drone model is sold in Brazil or has an ANATEL ID sticker. If not, you could technically be in violation of telecom laws by using it. In practice, hobbyists rarely face issues for short-term tourist flights, but it remains a legal risk.

Remote Pilot Licensing Requirements

Brazil does require remote pilot licenses (equivalent to drone pilot certificates) for certain operations. However, not everyone flying a drone needs a license – it depends on the drone’s weight and the flight’s characteristics. The general principle is: if you’re flying a small drone in basic conditions, no license is needed; if you’re flying a large drone or doing complex operations, you need to be a licensed pilot.

Under ANAC’s rules (RBAC-E No. 94), the triggers for requiring a Remote Pilot License are:

Drone Weight and Class: Pilots of Class 2 and Class 1 drones (anything over 25 kg) must hold an ANAC-issued Remote Pilot License, regardless of how or where they fly ts2.tech ts2.tech. These heavier drones are essentially treated like traditional aircraft in terms of pilot qualifications.
Altitude: Any operation above 400 ft (120 m) above ground level requires a licensed remote pilot ts2.tech gov.br. Even if you’re flying a Class 3 drone (small) for fun, the moment you plan to exceed 120 m altitude, you step into advanced territory and must have a license and (if applicable) other certifications.
Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS): Any drone flight beyond the visual line of sight of the operator similarly mandates a licensed pilot ts2.tech. BVLOS operations are considered higher risk, so the pilot must be properly trained and certified.
Airspace integration: If a flight requires special integration into controlled airspace (e.g. near an airport or over a city with special authorization), it will likely require a licensed pilot as a condition of approval, though this is usually covered by the above rules (since urban flights often need to be under 400 ft VLOS anyway).

Conversely, no license is needed for “simple” operations: flying a Class 3 drone (≤25 kg) within visual line of sight under 120 m altitude covers most hobby flights and many standard commercial uses (like aerial photography or surveying a small area) ts2.tech ts2.tech. The vast majority of casual drone users in Brazil fall in this category and do not have to go through a licensing process.

License Requirements & Process: For those who do need a license, the remote pilot licensing process is handled by ANAC similarly to a pilot’s license (but appropriately scaled to drones). The minimum age for a drone pilot license is 18 years ts2.tech gov.br. Applicants must pass a theoretical knowledge exam covering airspace rules, regulations, meteorology, navigation, etc., and demonstrate practical proficiency in operating the drone safely. ANAC’s process is still evolving; currently, an aspiring remote pilot must contact ANAC’s Personnel Licensing branch (via email) with details of their drone and intended operation to receive instructions on testing and certification gov.br. There isn’t an off-the-shelf “drone license test center” like some countries have; it’s more case-by-case, especially for higher classes.

Licensed drone pilots must also obtain a medical fitness certificate if they operate larger drones. Specifically, pilots of Class 1 or Class 2 RPA (drones over 25 kg) must hold an Aeronautical Medical Certificate (CMA) – generally a 2nd or 5th class medical from ANAC, or at least a 3rd class medical from the Air Force for military-related operations gov.br. This is to ensure the pilot’s health will not impede safe operation (similar to requirements for manned aircraft pilots). Pilots of smaller drones operating under 400 ft do not need a medical certificate.

Once issued, a remote pilot license (and any required medical certificate) must be carried by the pilot when operating the drone ts2.tech. The licensed pilot is fully responsible under law for the safe operation of the unmanned aircraft, just as an airplane pilot in command would be ts2.tech. It’s worth noting that pilots of the very heaviest drones (Class 1, >150 kg) may have to meet even more stringent requirements – ANAC mandates that Class 1 RPA pilots comply with general civil aviation rules (RBHA 91) and hold equivalent qualifications to manned aircraft pilots ts2.tech ts2.tech. In essence, flying a drone the size of a small plane effectively requires you to be a licensed aircraft pilot.

For foreign operators, Brazil currently does not have a formal system to recognize or validate foreign drone pilot licenses. If a foreign drone professional wants to conduct operations in Brazil that require a license, they would need to either obtain an ANAC license or work with a locally licensed pilot. ANAC can, in some cases, validate foreign qualifications (the ANAC site mentions licenses “issued or validated by ANAC” anac.gov.br), but this typically involves demonstrating that the foreign certification meets Brazilian standards. In practice, short-term visitors rarely go through this; they either keep to basic operations that don’t require a license or hire local certified operators for advanced projects.

Drone Airworthiness and Certification

Beyond pilot licensing, Brazil also imposes requirements on the drones themselves – especially the larger or more complex ones – to ensure they are airworthy. Under RBAC-E No. 94, any drone above 250 g is technically supposed to have some form of airworthiness authorization, except those in the lowest-risk category (Class 3 drones, under 25 kg, that are flying VLOS below 120 m) ts2.tech ts2.tech. In simpler terms, if you are flying a typical Class 3 drone in normal conditions, you don’t need to worry about a “drone certificate.” But if the drone is heavier or you plan to do BVLOS or high-altitude flights, the drone itself must undergo a certification process with ANAC ts2.tech ts2.tech.

ANAC provides a few different types of Unmanned Aircraft Certificates:

CAER (Certificado de Aeronavegabilidade Especial para RPA): This is a Special Airworthiness Certificate for RPA, commonly required for Class 2 drones and for Class 3 drones that will fly beyond VLOS or above 400 ft ts2.tech ts2.tech. A CAER is essentially ANAC’s approval that a given drone model and unit is safe for the intended operations. To obtain it, the drone’s design usually needs to be on ANAC’s list of authorized RPA models, and the operator must present documentation (like a statement of conformity from the manufacturer) and the drone for inspection ts2.tech ts2.tech. ANAC inspectors verify that the drone is built to the approved design, properly marked, and equipped for safe flight ts2.tech. Once passed, a CAER is issued, and the drone can be operated under the conditions specified (e.g. certain altitudes or areas). Most commercial drones in the 25–150 kg range or doing advanced missions will have a CAER.
CAVE (Certificado de Autorização de Voo Experimental): This is an Experimental Flight Authorization for drones ts2.tech. It’s used in R&D or trial situations – for example, if a company is testing a prototype drone or a new type of operation, they might not have a fully certified design. A CAVE allows limited operations under strict conditions, sort of like a temporary experimental license to fly a drone that isn’t fully certified yet ts2.tech. It’s analogous to how experimental manned aircraft are treated.
AEV (Autorização Especial de Voo): A Special Flight Authorization that can be given for one-time or special purpose flights ts2.tech. If a drone doesn’t have a CAER or CAVE but an operator needs to do a specific flight (perhaps a ferry flight or a unique operation), ANAC can issue an AEV to permit that particular operation.
Standard/Restricted Certificate of Airworthiness: For Class 1 drones (>150 kg), ANAC requires a full type certification and standard airworthiness certificate similar to an airplane ts2.tech ts2.tech. Drones of this size must go through RBAC 21 certification (design and production approval) just like a new model of manned aircraft would ts2.tech ts2.tech. Only after the drone’s model is type-certified can individual drones receive a standard Certificate of Airworthiness. Class 1 drones also have to follow regular aircraft maintenance regimes – e.g. annual inspections and maintenance logs just as if they were manned planes ts2.tech. Essentially, these are UAVs in name only; legally they’re treated as aircraft.

For everyday drone users, all this means is: if you stick to drones under 25 kg and standard operations, you don’t need to worry about getting an airworthiness certificate for your drone. Registration in SISANT is enough for small VLOS operations gov.br gov.br. But companies operating larger drones (like heavy delivery drones or crop-spraying drones) must go through ANAC’s certification, which can be a lengthy process of paperwork and inspections ts2.tech ts2.tech. Notably, ANAC maintains a list of “authorized RPA designs” anac.gov.br – drones that have been vetted. If you’re planning to buy a drone for advanced operations, it’s wise to check that list or ensure the manufacturer will support the certification process.

Operational Rules and Flight Restrictions

Once a drone is properly registered (and the pilot licensed, if required), Brazil has a comprehensive set of operational rules to ensure safety. These rules cover how, where, and when you can fly your drone:

Altitude Limit: Drones in Brazil are generally limited to a maximum altitude of 400 feet (120 m) above ground level ts2.tech. This mirrors the common international standard to keep drones well below manned aircraft cruising at low altitudes. Flying higher than 120 m is only allowed with explicit authorization from ANAC/DECEA, and it requires a licensed remote pilot as discussed earlier ts2.tech ts2.tech. In practice, if someone needs to exceed 400 ft (say for a special aerial survey), they would file a request via DECEA’s system, and if approved, a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) might be issued to alert other airspace users ts2.tech ts2.tech. Typically, DECEA treats flights above ~60 m in controlled airspace as needing coordination and anything above 120 m as needing a segregated airspace clearance ts2.tech ts2.tech. For most drone pilots, the simple rule is stay at or below 120 meters.
Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) Only: Drones must be kept within the visual line of sight of the operator at all times ts2.tech. This means the pilot (or an observer assisting the pilot) should always be able to see the aircraft with unaided vision. First-person-view cameras or binoculars cannot be used as a substitute – they’re fine as aids, but if the drone is so far that you can’t see it with your own eyes, you’re breaking the rule ts2.tech. BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) operations are not permitted for normal users without special authorization ts2.tech. BVLOS flights – such as long-distance infrastructure inspections or delivery routes – require case-by-case approval from ANAC/DECEA and usually come with heavy conditions (like having a chase aircraft or radar monitoring) ts2.tech. The vast majority of drone flying in Brazil is done VLOS, which effectively limits your range to a few hundred meters at most in practice (since you need to see the orientation of the drone).
One Drone per Pilot: Brazil explicitly forbids one person from controlling multiple drones simultaneously. Each drone in the air must have its own dedicated pilot anac.gov.br ts2.tech. You cannot fly a “swarm” of drones on your own or flip between two controllers. This rule is to ensure the pilot’s full attention is on one aircraft. If, say, a film crew wants to launch two drones at once, they need two licensed pilots. (Handover of controls is allowed – you can have a second pilot take over mid-flight – but no pilot can command two at the same time.) gov.br
No Uncontrolled Autonomous Flights: Fully autonomous drone operations (where a drone flies without any ability for a pilot to intervene) are prohibited in Brazil uavcoach.com gov.br. All drone flights must be either manually piloted or at least supervised by a remote pilot who can take control if needed. Automated flights (pre-programmed routes) are allowed only if the pilot can step in and assume manual control at any moment uavcoach.com gov.br. This distinction is aimed at future drone technologies – for now, essentially all hobby and commercial drones have a hand-held controller, so it’s not an issue, but truly autonomous drone operations (like AI-driven drones with no pilot) are not legal under current rules.
Distance from People (“No Overflight of Bystanders”): Brazil places strong emphasis on protecting people on the ground. Drones may not fly over or close to people who are not involved in the operation, unless those individuals have given consent ts2.tech ts2.tech. As a general guideline, ANAC requires maintaining a horizontal distance of at least 30 meters (98 feet) from any uninvolved person anac.gov.br ts2.tech. This means you shouldn’t take off or land within 30 m of bystanders, and you can’t hover a drone over crowds, public beaches, streets, or gatherings of people. Flying directly above people (e.g. over a concert or parade) is forbidden unless each person has agreed to be overflown uavcoach.com uavcoach.com. In practice, getting consent from each person in a crowd is impossible, so operators must plan flights to avoid people or use barriers. (If there is a physical barrier – like the drone is separated by a building or a net – the 30 m rule can be relaxed, but that’s situational uavcoach.com.) This restriction is both a safety rule (to prevent injuries from drone accidents) and a privacy rule. An example of consent in action: for a film production over a busy area, the crew would cordon off the area or announce that a drone is filming so that anyone present is effectively consenting by not leaving. In fact, Brazilian guidance says if an event ticket or invitation clearly states that drones will be used for filming, attendees are considered to have given implied consent to being filmed/overflown lexology.com. Public safety and security drones (police, firefighters) have more leeway – they can fly over people if necessary during operations – but even they are advised to minimize risk and avoid direct overflight whenever possible ts2.tech.
Distance from Property: Related to the above, DECEA’s guidelines also suggest keeping 30 m away from private property (homes, buildings) unless you have the owner’s permission ts2.tech. This is to respect privacy and prevent harassment or nuisance. You shouldn’t hover right outside someone’s window or over their backyard without consent. Flying 98 ft or closer to a building that you don’t have permission to be near is not allowed uavcoach.com. Essentially, treat private property as you would treat people – keep your distance unless invited.
Time of Day and Weather: Surprisingly, Brazil’s drone rules do not outright ban night flying, but they impose caution. Since maintaining VLOS at night is difficult, night operations are only to be done with proper lighting on the drone and preferably with special authorization ts2.tech ts2.tech. DECEA’s guidance recommends flying in daylight whenever possible ts2.tech. Night flights likely fall under a “specific” risk category where you’d need to take extra steps (e.g. having an observer or using anti-collision lights visible from far away). As for weather, drones should not be flown in adverse conditions like heavy rain, fog, strong winds, or through clouds ts2.tech. Common sense and VLOS rules apply: if the drone would disappear in clouds or fog, you’re essentially flying BVLOS which is illegal. There’s also the safety aspect – Brazil’s rules expect operators to check basic meteorological conditions and avoid flying if visibility is poor or winds are beyond the drone’s capability gov.br. There are resources (ANAC even provides meteorology guidance for remote pilots gov.br) to help pilots plan around weather.

To summarize operations: fly below 120 m, keep your drone in sight, stay well away from people or private property, only fly one at a time, and don’t fly over sensitive areas. Abiding by these baseline rules will keep most hobbyists and small commercial operators on the right side of the law. The next section covers what those “sensitive areas” entail.

No-Fly Zones and Airspace Restrictions

Brazil has delineated various no-fly zones and restricted areas where drones cannot go without special permission. These are largely common-sense locations focused on aviation safety and national security:

Airports and Aerodromes: Flying near airports is highly restricted for obvious safety reasons. By default, drones must stay well clear of aerodromes – Brazilian rules specify a distance of at least 5.4 km (approximately 3 nautical miles) from any airport if flying at low altitude, and about 9 km (5 NM) away if flying higher (up to the 120 m limit) ts2.tech ts2.tech. In practice, if you’re within roughly 5–9 km of an airport, you should either stay extremely low (below ~30 m) or not fly at all without authorization. Flying directly over an airport or runway is flat-out illegal without explicit permission from both the airport operator and ANAC/DECEA ts2.tech ts2.tech. Even for professional drone projects, getting approval to operate on or over airport property is exceedingly rare (usually only granted to government entities for special circumstances). If you need to fly closer than the default distances – for instance, a construction survey just 2 km from an airport – you must submit a SARPAS request to DECEA and wait for clearance ts2.tech ts2.tech. DECEA may impose restrictions like only flying at certain times (e.g. when no manned flights are arriving) or requiring an observer to coordinate with air traffic control ts2.tech. It’s worth noting Brazil has many heliports and smaller airfields scattered in cities; these too are considered aerodromes, so one must be mindful of local no-fly radii around them. Always consult an airspace map or the SARPAS app’s map to know where nearby airports’ zones are.
Urban Areas and Public Spaces: Flying over densely populated urban areas or large public gatherings requires authorization. Brazil doesn’t ban flying in cities outright, but any flight in a “public area” (parks, beaches, downtown, etc.) needs explicit DECEA permission ts2.tech ts2.tech. The rationale is both safety (crowds, buildings, traffic) and security. When permitted, it’s often for specific events or purposes, and DECEA will set conditions – for example, you might only be allowed to fly above a certain altitude (to be clear of buildings but below other traffic) or only within a defined perimeter that police have secured on the ground ts2.tech ts2.tech. Event organizers who want drone footage (say, a sports event or concert) must coordinate with authorities in advance. As mentioned in the privacy rules, informing the public that drones will be present is also required for consent ts2.tech ts2.tech, but even with consent, regulatory approval is needed to fly over the event. In short: you can fly in urban areas, but not spontaneously and not over random people – you need a plan and a green light from DECEA.
Sensitive Security Locations: Certain areas are strict no-fly zones for civilian drones under any normal circumstances. These include prisons, police facilities, and military bases ts2.tech. Brazil, like many countries, has had concerns about drones smuggling contraband into prisons or conducting espionage over secure installations. Flying near a prison or a military installation can lead to very serious trouble – including being arrested ts2.tech ts2.tech. It’s advised to keep a wide berth from any such facility (at least a few hundred meters away at minimum, if not more). Critical infrastructure is also protected: power plants, electrical substations, water treatment plants, oil refineries, and similar utility or industrial sites are generally off-limits unless you have explicit permission from the facility and DECEA ts2.tech. Some infrastructure (like hydroelectric dams or nuclear plants) also have separate restricted airspace by law. The key takeaway: if it’s a sensitive government or industrial site, assume it’s a no-fly zone unless you’ve gone through a lot of paperwork to get clearance.
Nature Reserves and Environmental Areas: Interestingly, Brazil’s federal drone laws do not list national parks or ecological reserves explicitly as no-fly zones. However, other regulations may apply – for example, a national park might have its own rules prohibiting aircraft (including drones) to protect wildlife. It’s always wise to check with the administration of a park or protected area before flying there. Also, some regions have environmental protection laws that could consider drone noise or presence as disturbance of fauna. When in doubt, treat parks as needing permission. Additionally, Brasília (the capital) has special airspace restrictions for security (as many capitals do) – flying near government buildings, palaces, or embassies might be restricted by NOTAM or special law. Always consult current airspace charts or the SARPAS map to see if an area is clear ts2.tech ts2.tech.
Airspace Classes and Controlled Airspace: Brazil’s airspace is divided into classes (A, B, C, D, E, G) similar to international (ICAO) standards. Most small drone operations at low altitude occur in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace, where there is no active air traffic control for low-level flights ts2.tech. However, around airports or in certain cities, even low altitudes can be within controlled airspace (Class B/C around big airports, Class D around smaller ones, etc.). If your flight will enter controlled airspace, you must use SARPAS to get air traffic control permission ts2.tech ts2.tech. DECEA’s 2023 circular (ICA 100-40) introduced clearer rules on integrating drones into the airspace and emphasizes that drones must stick to the altitude and location they are approved for, to avoid conflicts ts2.tech ts2.tech. They classify drone flights by how they interact with other traffic: integrated (rarely possible for drones to truly integrate with normal traffic), accommodated (allowed with special conditions like dedicated corridors or time windows), or segregated (other aircraft are kept out of the area entirely during the drone operation) ts2.tech ts2.tech. Practically all drone flights now are either accommodated or segregated – e.g., DECEA might accommodate a drone mapping flight by advising other aircraft to keep distance, or segregate airspace by issuing a NOTAM that a certain radius is closed to other traffic for an hour ts2.tech ts2.tech. As a drone pilot, you don’t need to manage the technicalities of airspace classes – the SARPAS online system will handle the request and let you know if the area is controlled and what conditions apply. Just know that controlled airspace (near airports, in big cities) means you must ask permission first, whereas in a remote farm area (Class G), you still should file a quick request but it will generally be approved automatically if far from any sensitive sites.

In summary, Brazil gives drone pilots a lot of freedom in remote and rural areas, but draws hard lines around airports, populated areas, and security-sensitive zones. Smart pilots will consult maps and the SARPAS app to stay outside red zones, or else obtain the proper clearances. Violating a no-fly zone is one of the most serious offenses – it can result in immediate intervention. In known cases, authorities have tracked rogue drones near prisons and even used jamming or neutralization tech to take them down when necessary ts2.tech. At the extreme, a drone threatening an airport could even be shot down by military defenses (though this is a last resort) ts2.tech. So always check your surroundings – ignorance is not a valid excuse.

Privacy and Data Protection Laws

Brazil’s constitution and civil laws strongly protect the privacy, image, and honor of individuals, and these protections extend to activities involving drones. There isn’t a special “Drone Privacy Act,” but general privacy laws and principles absolutely apply to drone use. This means as a drone operator, you must be mindful of not infringing on people’s privacy rights when flying.

The 30 m no-overflight rule discussed earlier is partly intended to address privacy – by keeping drones away from people and private properties unless consent is given ts2.tech ts2.tech. If you do have a legitimate reason to film or photograph people with a drone, you must obtain their permission (preferably written or via a clear notice). For example, a production company filming a public beach with a drone might put up signs or announcements so that beachgoers know they could be filmed – those who stay are effectively consenting, those who object can avoid the area. In Brazilian legal terms, consent negates an invasion of privacy. The ANAC/DECEA guidelines specifically note that announcing drone filming in event invitations or tickets constitutes the attendees’ consent to being recorded from above lexology.com. Always err on the side of caution: if someone waves you off or clearly does not want to be filmed, you should steer clear of them with your drone.

Beyond administrative rules, there’s also civil liability for privacy breaches. Using a drone to spy on or harass someone can lead to lawsuits for “moral damages” (damages for pain and suffering, in Brazilian law) ts2.tech. For instance, if you fly a drone peeking into someone’s bedroom window or private backyard without permission, that person could sue you for violating their privacy and likely win compensation ts2.tech. The Brazilian Civil Code allows individuals to claim damages if their privacy or image rights are violated, and drones would fall under that if misused. In egregious cases, such behavior could also be seen as stalking or harassment under criminal law.

Moreover, Brazil has a comprehensive data protection law, the LGPD (General Data Protection Law), which governs the collection and processing of personal data. If you are recording identifiable individuals with a drone for any kind of business purpose (e.g. surveillance, marketing, research), the footage could be considered personal data. In such cases, you may need to comply with LGPD requirements – e.g. having a legal basis for processing the video data, securing it properly, not sharing it without consent, etc. While a hobbyist filming for personal use won’t trigger LGPD, a company using drone footage might. It’s a newer aspect to consider if drones are collecting any kind of personal data.

Bottom line: Respect people’s privacy as you would if you were photographing or filming from the ground. Don’t hover over private homes or individuals unnoticed. Always maintain that 30 m buffer from bystanders unless you have permission. If planning to use a drone in a way that could capture private activities (like flying in residential areas), it’s best to inform residents or get their OK. Brazil’s privacy protections are quite strong – even public figures have successfully sued for unauthorized drone photos in some instances. So when in doubt, don’t do it. Fly responsibly, and focus on the scenery or task at hand rather than nosing into private spaces. This not only keeps you within the law, but it’s also good etiquette to maintain public goodwill towards drones.

Insurance Requirements

One critical aspect of drone operations in Brazil is insurance. Brazilian regulations mandate that operators have liability insurance for their drones in many cases to cover any damage to third parties. Here’s how it breaks down:

Mandatory Insurance: Third-party liability insurance is mandatory for any drone (RPA) with a maximum takeoff weight over 250 g lexology.com. This applies to both recreational and commercial use. Essentially, if your drone isn’t a tiny toy, you need an insurance policy that would cover you if your drone crashes into someone’s property or injures someone. Notably, ANAC has not set a specific minimum coverage amount lexology.com. It just needs to be “appropriate” insurance. In practice, most operators get a policy that covers at least a few hundred thousand reais in damages. The requirement is about having financial responsibility for accidents, similar to car insurance for drivers.
Exceptions: Recognizing that in some cases insurance might be hard to obtain or the risk profile is different, Brazil introduced an exception in 2023 for drones used in agriculture lexology.com. Agricultural RPA (e.g. crop-spraying drones) are exempted from the mandatory insurance requirement ts2.tech ts2.tech. This exemption was made because large farming drones, which can be heavy, were deemed to pose low risk to third parties (they usually operate in isolated rural areas over fields, not people), and farmers had difficulty finding insurers or affordable premiums lexology.com. So if you’re using a drone strictly for agricultural purposes, you do not need liability insurance by law since 2023 amendments to RBAC-E 94. However, some farmers still choose to insure their expensive equipment anyway, but it’s not compulsory.
Public/Government Drones: Drones operated by public entities (like police, military, civil defense) are generally not required to carry insurance under ANAC rules lexology.com. The government self-insures those operations. Private operators, though, cannot claim this exemption.

It’s important to note that insurance in this context means liability coverage for damage to others. It’s not about insuring your drone against theft or crash – that’s optional and up to you. The law cares about third parties being protected. For example, if your drone malfunctioned and hit a parked car or injured someone, the insurance would pay out the claims.

For foreigners or tourists, obtaining Brazilian drone insurance might be challenging. One approach is to see if your home liability insurance or travel insurance covers drone liability abroad – but many don’t. Some international drone insurance providers might cover flights in Brazil. Since it’s a legal requirement, one should ideally secure coverage before flying anything over 250 g. In practice, enforcement on the insurance requirement isn’t as visible as, say, registration or airspace violations (there isn’t an “insurance police” checking hobbyists), but if something goes wrong and you lack insurance, you would be in legal hot water. Also, if you seek special flight permission (like a SARPAS authorization for an event or city flight), they might ask for proof of insurance.

In summary, except for the smallest drones, you need liability insurance to fly in Brazil. The only broad exemption is for agricultural operations. This requirement underscores the notion that if your drone causes harm, there is a financial means to compensate victims. It’s part of flying responsibly. Always carry proof of your insurance when operating (a digital copy is fine) in case authorities or event organizers ask to see it ts2.tech.

Penalties for Illegal Drone Use

Brazil has put in place a robust enforcement regime to deal with drone violations. If you break the drone laws, the consequences can range from fines and warnings up to criminal charges, depending on the severity. Here’s an overview of what can happen if you don’t comply:

Administrative Sanctions (ANAC): If you violate ANAC’s regulations (RBAC-E 94 and related rules), ANAC can impose penalties under the Brazilian Aeronautical Code. These include monetary fines, seizure of your drone, and even suspension or cancellation of your certificates or licenses ts2.tech. For example, flying an unregistered drone, or operating commercially without the required license, or flying recklessly could each trigger fines. The law doesn’t list fixed fine amounts in the regulation itself; ANAC has discretion to set fines based on the case, and they can compound (multiple violations = multiple fines) ts2.tech ts2.tech. Fines can range from a few hundred reais for minor infractions to thousands for serious ones ts2.tech ts2.tech. ANAC can also confiscate your drone (temporarily or permanently) as evidence or to stop the violation ts2.tech. In egregious cases, ANAC may suspend your permission to operate any drones while they investigate ts2.tech. Notably, ANAC and DECEA have the power to ground an operator immediately if they deem it necessary – for instance, if you keep flying in restricted airspace after being told not to, they can issue an emergency order halting all your drone activity ts2.tech.
Criminal Charges: Certain drone-related acts can constitute criminal offenses under Brazil’s Penal Code. There are two main articles often cited:
- Article 261 – Endangering Aircraft or Air Transport: This law makes it a serious crime to imperil the safety of an aircraft or interfere with air navigation. If a drone pilot flies in a way that endangers a manned aircraft (say, a drone strays into the approach path of an airliner), they could be prosecuted under Art. 261 ts2.tech. The penalties are severe: conviction can lead to 2 to 5 years in prison ts2.tech. Essentially, if a drone causes an incident that nearly results in an air disaster, the operator faces felony charges.
- Article 132 – Endangering Others’ Safety: This is a more general provision that criminalizes putting another person’s life or health in direct danger. A reckless drone flight over a crowd, highway, or populated area – even if no one is hurt – could be seen as creating a risk of harm ts2.tech. It’s a less severe offense than Art. 261, but still can lead to up to 3 months to 1 year in jail (and possibly higher if the potential harm was great) ts2.tech. This would apply for instance if someone flew a heavy drone low over a busy beach, causing panic or risk.
- Additionally, Brazil’s Law of Misdemeanors (Contravention Penal) has a couple of relevant points. Article 33 of that law makes it a minor offense to operate an aircraft without proper licensing. So, if you fly a drone that requires a license (e.g. a >25 kg drone or any drone beyond VLOS) without having a license, you’re committing a misdemeanor ts2.tech. The punishment can be a 15-day to 3-month jail term (detention) or a fine for that ts2.tech. Article 35 of the Misdemeanor law covers doing dangerous stunts or maneuvers in aircraft in unauthorized areas ts2.tech. A drone pilot doing things like diving at people, buzzing structures, or other reckless tricks could be charged under this, facing similar minor criminal penalties ts2.tech.
Civil Liability for Damages: Separate from any action by authorities, if your drone injures someone or damages property, you (and possibly your company, if applicable) are liable under civil law for all the resulting damages ts2.tech. The injured party can sue you for medical costs, property repairs, and moral damages (compensation for pain, suffering, distress). Since liability insurance is mandatory for drones >250 g, as discussed, your insurance would ideally cover these payouts. But if you were flying without required insurance, you’d be personally on the hook. Importantly, as noted in the Privacy section, privacy violations can also result in civil lawsuits. For example, someone who finds a drone recording them in their backyard can sue for moral damages even if they weren’t physically hurt ts2.tech. Brazilian courts have recognized the right to privacy and image – drones provide new ways to violate that, and thus new cases are emerging.
ANATEL Enforcement: If you are using non-compliant radio equipment (e.g. a high-powered transmitter or an unapproved control system), ANATEL can step in with penalties on the telecom side. They can fine you and confiscate the offending equipment ts2.tech. For instance, operating a custom FPV rig that broadcasts on military frequencies or beyond allowed power could get your gear seized. ANATEL has also cracked down on shops selling imported drones without certification ts2.tech. For most casual users, as long as you use stock equipment, you won’t run afoul of ANATEL, but it’s good to be aware.
DECEA/Military Action: Violating airspace rules (like flying in a forbidden zone or ignoring a NOTAM) can lead to direct intervention. DECEA might coordinate with Air Force or police units to intercept or disable your drone ts2.tech. In sensitive airspace (e.g. near military bases or major events), there are counter-drone measures ready. While Brazil doesn’t routinely shoot down errant drones, the legal authority exists for the military to neutralize a drone that poses a security threat ts2.tech. This could mean jamming its signal, using an anti-drone drone to capture it, or yes, in extreme cases, shooting it. If your drone is taken down, you would likely face enforcement actions as well.
Multiple Agencies, Multiple Penalties: One act of illegal drone use can violate several rules at once. For example, flying a heavy drone over a crowd without a license or authorization ticks a lot of boxes: ANAC rules (no license, over people), DECEA rules (unauthorized airspace use), maybe ANATEL (if control link was improper), and criminal endangerment laws. These penalties are not mutually exclusive – you could be fined by ANAC, fined by ANATEL, and prosecuted criminally all for the same incident ts2.tech. Typically, authorities will coordinate, but you might end up dealing with administrative cases and a court case in parallel. The point is that Brazil takes drone violations seriously, especially now that drones are more common. The approach has been to educate first (e.g. campaigns to inform hobbyists of the rules), but when someone blatantly breaks the rules, they do enforce them ts2.tech.

If you operate within the regulations, you shouldn’t have to worry about any of this. But it’s good to know that the “teeth” are there in the law. The worst-case scenarios (jail time) are reserved for truly dangerous or malicious behavior, not honest mistakes. Common violations like failing to register, or a first-time airspace bust, often result in warnings or modest fines if no harm was done. But repeat offenders or anyone who causes an incident will face escalating consequences. Always err on the side of caution and compliance – it’s better than facing fines or a court date.

Considerations for Foreign Drone Operators and Tourists

Brazil is a popular destination, and many travelers may want to capture its landscapes by drone. Flying a drone as a foreigner in Brazil is legal, but there are a few additional considerations to keep in mind to stay compliant:

No Exemption from Rules: First, be aware that foreigners are subject to the exact same drone laws as Brazilian citizens. There is no leniency or separate “tourist drone permit.” This means all the rules discussed – registration, altitude limits, no-fly zones, etc. – apply equally to you. Language is a potential barrier; the official systems (like SISANT and SARPAS) are in Portuguese. However, ANAC’s website provides some guidance in English anac.gov.br, and using translation tools can help navigate the portals.
Registration (CPF Requirement): As covered earlier, to register a drone over 250 g in Brazil you need a Brazilian CPF number gov.br. Many tourists won’t have a CPF by default. You can apply for a CPF as a foreigner relatively easily either online or by visiting a Brazilian consulate before your trip. It costs little to nothing. Having a CPF is useful not just for drone registration but for various things in Brazil (like getting a SIM card). Once you have a CPF, you can create an account on ANAC’s SISANT system and register your drone just as a local would. If you don’t have a CPF and you bring, say, a 1 kg drone, you are technically unable to register it – flying it unregistered would violate the rules. Some visitors take the route of flying sub-250g drones (like the DJI Mini series) which sidestep the registration requirement. That is a practical solution if you can’t get a CPF in time. But note, even sub-250g drones must follow all other rules (you don’t get to fly higher or in restricted areas just because it’s small).
Insurance: The insurance mandate (for >250g drones) doesn’t have a tourist exception either. In a strict sense, you should obtain third-party liability insurance valid in Brazil. This might be tricky; you’d have to find an international insurer or maybe a Brazilian insurer that offers short-term drone coverage. It’s wise to at least have some personal liability coverage via travel insurance, but those policies often exclude aviation activities. At a minimum, be prepared to personally cover any damage your drone could cause, otherwise you risk legal trouble.
Licensing: If you plan to do only standard recreational flying (small drone, under 120 m, VLOS), you won’t need any license or certification – the same “no license needed for basic conditions” rule applies. If you intended to do something beyond that (e.g. a professional film shoot requiring higher altitude shots or a heavier drone), then you would need to have an ANAC-licensed operator. Brazil will not recognize your home country’s drone license/certificate automatically. You would either have to go through ANAC’s licensing process (impractical for a short visit) or hire a local licensed pilot to work with you. Many foreign media teams do exactly that – bring the equipment and have a Brazilian pilot or partner to handle the legal operational side.
Customs and ANATEL: Bringing a drone into Brazil is usually hassle-free at customs if it’s for personal use. But be aware, if you bring multiple drones or high-end gear, customs might suspect you’re importing for commercial purposes and ask about it. Also, remember the ANATEL certification: if your drone model is sold in Brazil, it likely has ANATEL approval and you’re fine. If it’s a rare or custom setup, technically you should seek a temporary ANATEL authorization. The chance of being checked is low, but if you transmit on rogue frequencies, you could get equipment seized. One tip: drones with FCC or CE markings (from USA/EU) using 2.4/5.8 GHz generally comply with Brazil’s allowed spectrum since Brazil shares those unlicensed bands.
Local Flight Apps and Information: It’s recommended to use the SARPAS web portal or the DroneMap app provided by DECEA to check for no-fly zones. Even if you don’t formally request every flight (though legally you should for controlled airspace), at least the map will show if you’re in a prohibited area. Also, some Brazilian cities have local ordinances (for example, some beaches might have signs against drones due to privacy of sunbathers – not a national law, but a local rule). So always observe posted signs and respect requests from authorities on the ground.
Penalties and Enforcement for Foreigners: All the penalties described (fines, etc.) apply to foreigners as well. If you violate a rule, being a tourist won’t exempt you. Language could complicate things if you get confronted by police or aviation officials. It’s useful to be able to show documentation – e.g., carry a printout (or have on your phone) of your ANAC registration certificate (or proof that your drone is exempt), and your flight authorization if you obtained one. Having these in order can smooth out any misunderstanding with police who might be unfamiliar with drones. If something does go very wrong (like a serious accident), you could face legal proceedings in Brazil. While that’s rare, it’s a reason to double-down on safety when flying abroad.

In short, plan ahead: get a CPF if possible, register your drone, follow the same rules locals do, and you’ll be able to enjoy flying in Brazil without issues. Many tourists do so every year to capture stunning shots of places like Rio’s beaches or the Amazon – just do it by the book and with common sense. If unsure, consider contacting ANAC (email [email protected]) or DECEA with questions before you fly; they can sometimes provide guidance in English uavcoach.com.

Recent Developments and Upcoming Changes

Drone regulations are a fast-evolving field, and Brazil is no exception. As of 2025, there are significant changes on the horizon that operators should watch for, even though the current RBAC-E 94 framework remains in force until new rules are adopted.

ANAC’s New Regulatory Proposal (RBAC 100): In June 2025, ANAC opened a public consultation on a major overhaul of the drone rules, tentatively titled RBAC No. 100, which would replace the current RBAC-E No. 94 gov.br ts2.tech. This proposed regulation shifts Brazil to a more risk-based model in line with what’s being implemented in the EU, UK, and other regions ts2.tech ts2.tech. The hallmark of RBAC 100 is the introduction of three operational categories – Open, Specific, and Certified – based on the risk of the operation rather than just weight classes gov.br ts2.tech:

Open Category: This would cover low-risk operations. Think of it as the everyday hobbyist and simple commercial use category. Under the proposal, most rules for Open are similar to what Class 3 VLOS operations are now: max 120 m altitude, VLOS only, no flying over uninvolved people, drone weight up to 25 kg gov.br gov.br. Drones in the Open category would still need to be registered (and the proposal suggests registrations might need renewal every 2 years) ts2.tech. A new point is if an Open-category flight is within 150 m of bystanders, the operator would need to do a basic risk assessment and have insurance ts2.tech ts2.tech – reinforcing that even in Open, some ops near people need extra care. The Open category is aimed to allow most drone flying without case-by-case authority approval as long as you stay within these bounds ts2.tech ts2.tech.
Specific Category: This is for medium risk operations – basically anything that exceeds Open. For example, flying at night over a city, or any BVLOS mission, or maybe using heavier drones in somewhat populated areas would be Specific. Specific category operations would require an Operational Risk Assessment using the SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) method ts2.tech ts2.tech. The idea is the operator has to study the operation’s risks (considering location, people on ground, airspace, drone reliability, etc.) and propose mitigation measures ts2.tech ts2.tech. ANAC would then grant an authorization if satisfied. To streamline things, ANAC plans to publish “standard scenarios” (PDRAs) that are pre-approved risk models for common use cases ts2.tech ts2.tech. For instance, a standard scenario might cover filming in a sparsely populated area under certain conditions – if your operation matches it, you can get quicker approval. Specific category will allow things currently banned or onerous (like flights over people or beyond line of sight), but only if you demonstrate safety through SORA ts2.tech ts2.tech. Each Specific operation (or type of operation) would likely need a Special Flight Authorization from ANAC/DECEA built on that risk assessment.
Certified Category: This aligns with high-risk, complex operations, akin to traditional manned aviation standards. It would apply to scenarios like transporting people or dangerous goods, or operating large drones in busy airspace ts2.tech ts2.tech. In the Certified category, everything and everyone must be certified – the drone needs a type certificate (like an aircraft), the operator organization needs an operating certificate (like an airline or cargo operator would under RBAC 121/135/137), and the remote pilot likely needs a level of training comparable to an aircraft pilot ts2.tech ts2.tech. This category is basically for the future “drone airlines” – air taxi services, large-scale delivery networks, or any use where if something went wrong, lives could be at stake at a large scale. It ensures those operations meet the same rigor as manned aviation.

The proposal also updates terminology – using “UA” (Unmanned Aircraft) instead of the term RPA, to align with ICAO language gov.br. And it envisages new requirements like possibly online training or a small test for all drone pilots even in the Open category ts2.tech ts2.tech. So, hobbyists in the future might have to take a short online course to get a basic certificate (this is something other countries have done, like the FAA’s TRUST exam for hobbyists or the EU’s online test for the Open category) ts2.tech. Another expected change is periodic registration renewal (currently registration is one-and-done, but they might require renewing every 2 or 3 years to keep data up to date) ts2.tech ts2.tech.

As of August 2025, RBAC 100 is still a proposal – the public comment period ended on July 18, 2025 gov.br ts2.tech. ANAC will review feedback and likely publish final rules sometime in late 2025 or 2026. Once RBAC 100 comes into effect, RBAC-E 94 would be repealed gov.br ts2.tech. We can expect a transition period where existing registrations and authorizations remain valid while new ones follow the new rules. The shift will make Brazil’s drone regulation more flexible and performance-based, focusing on operation risk rather than rigid weight limits gov.br ts2.tech. For example, a 5 kg drone flying over a city might currently be flatly illegal, but under RBAC 100 in Specific category it could be allowed if mitigations (like a parachute, safety perimeter, etc.) are in place. This is great for enabling advanced drone applications (delivery, long-range inspection, etc.) in a safe manner. Brazilian industry is watching these developments closely, as it will open up more business opportunities once in place.

DECEA’s Updates: In parallel, DECEA has been updating its procedures for drones. In 2023, DECEA released ICA 100-40 which superseded older guidelines (like AIC N 17) lexology.com ts2.tech. This updated circular clarifies the airspace access process (we discussed aspects of it: integration/accommodation/segregation levels) and modernized the SARPAS system (now called SARPAS NG, a more user-friendly new generation interface) ts2.tech. It also formalized requirements for night operations and when exactly a NOTAM is needed – basically any flight above 120 m or near aerodromes now triggers NOTAM issuance ts2.tech ts2.tech. So DECEA is keeping pace to support ANAC’s risk-based approach.

Remote ID and Tracking: One thing not yet implemented in Brazil (as of 2025) is a Remote Identification system mandate. Some regions (US, EU) are requiring drones broadcast an electronic ID. Brazil’s current proposals and rules mention better identification and even suggest that heavier drones or those in Specific/Certified categories might need technology to integrate with air traffic systems ts2.tech ts2.tech, but no broad remote ID requirement is in force yet. We might see this in the future as part of UTM (Unmanned Traffic Management) initiatives with DECEA.

Insurance and Other Tweaks: As noted, ANAC already tweaked the insurance rule in 2023 to exempt agricultural drones ts2.tech ts2.tech. They are willing to adjust regulations to balance safety and practicality. We might see further adjustments, like perhaps a lower age limit if certain educational programs are in place (currently 18 is non-negotiable, but maybe young enthusiasts could get a junior license in the future – no indication yet, but speculation). Also, if drones start carrying bigger payloads or flying in new ways, expect ANAC and other agencies to issue guidance or special conditions.

For now, anyone involved in the drone sector in Brazil should stay tuned to ANAC’s announcements (via the ANAC Drones webpage and the Portal Gov.br news section) for the official rollout of RBAC 100. Also, participating in public consultations (if you’re a stakeholder) is a way to influence the final shape. Brazil is moving toward a cutting-edge regulatory system that should harmonize well with international standards and allow things like drone deliveries, advanced agricultural use, and even passenger drones in the coming decade – all under proper regulatory oversight gov.br ts2.tech.

Key takeaway: The rules described in this report are accurate as of August 2025 under RBAC-E 94. But big changes are coming soon. Brazil’s drone pilots should be prepared for a transition to new categories and possibly new requirements (like training and registration renewals) once RBAC 100 is adopted ts2.tech ts2.tech. The direction is positive – it should ultimately make it easier to operate drones legally for a wide range of activities, as long as you demonstrate safety. Keep an eye on ANAC’s drone page and industry news to know when these changes take effect.

References

ANAC – Brazilian Civil Aviation Special Regulation No. 94 and official drone operation guidelines anac.gov.br gov.br gov.br
DECEA – Airspace control rules for drones (ICA 100-40, AIC N 17) and flight authorization system (SARPAS) ts2.tech ts2.tech
ANATEL – Drone radio equipment certification and requirements ts2.tech ts2.tech
Basch & Rameh Advogados (Lexology, 2024) – Drone operations and maintenance in Brazil (Q&A) lexology.com lexology.com
TS2 Space – Drone Laws in Brazil (comprehensive overview, 2025) ts2.tech ts2.tech
Unmanned Airspace (2025) – Coverage of ANAC’s proposed RBAC 100 risk-based framework gov.br ts2.tech
Brazilian Penal Code & Contravention Law – Relevant articles for aviation safety and licensing offenses ts2.tech ts2.tech
Brazilian Civil Code – Provisions on privacy and liability applicable to drone use ts2.tech

Tags: Brazil, Drone Laws, regulations