Yemen’s bandwidth is dominated by a single aging subsea cable, the FALCON/FLAG system, landing at the Red Sea port of Hodeidah, with only a narrow backup via Djibouti and some satellite links.
Mobile subscriptions grew from zero in 2001 to nearly 100% penetration by 2021. A nationwide fiber-optic backbone was being rolled out, including a 400 km cross-border fiber link to China via the
Libya’s core internet framework is state-dominated under the Libyan Post, Telecommunication and Information Technology Company (LPTIC), with LTT as the leading fixed broadband and data services ISP, Libyana and Al-Madar Al-Jadeed as