Reconstruction of Ukraine: Plans, Progress, and Outlook (Mid-2025)
Direct war damage reached $176 billion by end-2024, with 72% of losses concentrated in frontline regions Donetsk, Kharkiv, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, and Kyiv oblasts. An updated needs assessment estimates Ukraine will require about $524 billion (€506 billion) over the next decade to repair and rebuild, roughly 2.8 times the country’s 2024 GDP. Housing is the largest reconstruction need at about $84 billion, with 13% of housing stock damaged or destroyed by December 2024, affecting more than 2.5 million households. As of early 2025, about 3.7 million people were internally displaced; 6 million Ukrainians had fled abroad; and 12.7 million would