Nvidia’s AI Throne Under Siege? The 2030 Battle Plan From Broadcom, AMD—and a Surprise Challenger

Key facts (as of Sep 27, 2025)

• Susquehanna projects Nvidia’s AI-accelerator share could fall from ~80% to 67% by 2030; Broadcom to 14% (~$65B revenue) and AMD to just over 4% (~$20B). Barron’s
• Broadcom says three hyperscale customers plan deployments that could create a $60–$90B AI-chip revenue opportunity by FY2027; AI chips are already the majority of its semi sales. MarketWatch
• Nvidia plans to invest up to $100B in OpenAI and supply systems for ≥10 GW of compute starting 2026, reinforcing its lead while raising antitrust and “circular spend” questions. Reuters
• Google and AWS are deepening in-house silicon: Google’s TPU v5p/Trillium and AWS Trainium2 claim large performance/price-performance gains vs prior generations. Google Cloud
• Marvell is emerging as a custom XPU + optics supplier; analysts cite rising hyperscaler wins and accelerating AI-optics revenue. The Next Platform
• Headline risk to Nvidia remains low near-term given demand and ecosystem lock-in, but buyers are diversifying on cost, power, and supply. Barron’s

The in-depth report

1) The setup: AI compute demand keeps compounding

Nvidia still commands the AI-accelerator market, but the demand curve (frontier model training, inference scale-out, and AI-enabled enterprise software) is so steep that second-source and custom solutions are economically inevitable. Even Nvidia is leaning in with customers: the company plans up to $100B in OpenAI, delivering systems beginning in late 2026 to help build ≥10 GW of capacity. Reuters framed it as a tie-up that “intensifies the AI datacenter race.” Reuters

On the flip side, analysts note unanswered questions about the structure and funding of those 10 GW plans, underscoring the capital intensity of AI infrastructure. Reuters

2) The 2030 scoreboard (base case from Susquehanna)

• Nvidia: ~67% share by 2030 (down from ~80% today), still the clear leader by revenue and ecosystem.
• Broadcom: ~14% (≈$65B), propelled by custom AI (“XPU”) designs and networking.
• AMD: just over 4% (≈$20B), with MI400-series ramping to true hyperscale volume.
  Susquehanna’s Christopher Rolland argues that as Big Tech chases cost efficiency and control, non-Nvidia silicon and in-house chips will take a larger slice of a market sized at ~$475B by 2030. Barron’s

Expert view: Rolland expects “Nvidia’s share to drop to 67% as major tech companies seek cost-effective alternatives.” Barron’s

3) Challenger profiles

Broadcom (custom AI “XPUs” + Ethernet)

Broadcom has quietly become Nvidia’s most serious economic challenger by selling custom accelerators—chips designed with and for hyperscalers—and by supplying the Ethernet fabric gluing AI clusters together. CEO Hock Tan has guided to a $60–$90B serviceable AI-semi market by FY2027, rooted in plans by three hyperscalers to deploy ~1M accelerators each. MarketWatch

Hock Tan: the AI semi TAM could reach “$60 billion to $90 billion” by FY2027. MarketWatch

Recent notes and coverage show AI now constitutes the majority of Broadcom’s semiconductor revenue and is growing rapidly, with fresh large custom deals likely. FinancialContent

How it competes vs Nvidia:

• Price/performance via tailored silicon for known workloads (training and inference).
• Vertical control for hyperscalers; less vendor lock-in.
• Networking advantage: Broadcom’s Ethernet/IP block leadership lowers total system cost relative to proprietary fabrics.

Risks: Custom projects entail program risk (slips or cancellations) and concentrated customers.

AMD (MI400/MI450 and ROCm ecosystem)

AMD’s MI300 proved competitive in inference and parts of training; MI400/MI450 are AMD’s first large-scale AI server solutions with broader hyperscaler adoption expected through 2026–2027. Susquehanna still models AMD at ~4% 2030 share—good growth, but not a dethroning scenario. Barron’s

Several market watchers remain skeptical after data-center growth lagged Nvidia’s in 2025; nonetheless AMD’s software stack (ROCm) and supply availability are improving. Nasdaq

How it competes:

• Interoperability with existing server fleets.
• Aggressive pricing and HBM supply partnerships to win inference at scale.
• A maturing open software ecosystem.

Risks: Software friction vs CUDA, and a need for consistent top-tier performance on frontier training.

Marvell (custom XPU + optics + packaging) — the “surprise” up-and-comer

Marvell isn’t trying to be “the next Nvidia.” It’s becoming the arms dealer for custom AI silicon and co-packaged optics (CPO), winning slots across hyperscalers for tailored accelerators and the optical plumbing that lets racks scale. Independent analyses suggest rapid growth in custom XPU and optics revenue in 2025, alongside upbeat management commentary about sustained hyperscaler demand. The Next Platform

Takeaway from industry analysis: Marvell’s custom XPU sales were “just under $300M” in a recent quarter, with AI electro-optics up ~4.5× YoY. The Next Platform

How it competes:

• Provides design services + advanced packaging to let cloud giants roll their own accelerators faster, and links them with high-bandwidth optics. Investor Relations | Marvell
• Rides the secular shift to CPO as AI clusters outgrow copper interconnects.

Risks: Execution on leading-edge packaging and dependency on a small set of hyperscalers.

4) The other flank: in-house chips from the clouds

• Google: TPU v5p and Trillium (6th-gen TPU) emphasize training throughput and efficiency; Google cites multi-× gains over v4/v5e and broad availability in Cloud. Google Cloud
• AWS: Trainium2-powered Trn2 instances target 4× training performance and 30–40% better price/perf vs then-current GPU instances. Amazon Web Services, Inc.

These platforms don’t dethrone Nvidia alone, but they reduce incremental spend on third-party GPUs for certain workloads and push the market toward a multi-silicon future.

5) China wildcard: Huawei’s campaign

Huawei has announced a three-year push to overtake Nvidia in AI chips, introducing next-gen accelerators and “SuperPod” designs. Export controls complicate its path to global share, but domestic Chinese demand could be large. Bloomberg

6) Technical & economic comparison (2025 reality check)

Sources as cited throughout. Amazon Web Services, Inc.

7) Will anyone surpass Nvidia by 2030?

• Probability (base case): Low. Even under Susquehanna’s bearish-for-Nvidia share path, Nvidia still holds ~2/3 of a much larger market in 2030. The CUDA/software lead, system integration (Blackwell platforms), and HBM supply pipeline are formidable. Barron’s
• What can happen: A profit share squeeze. If Broadcom’s custom silicon and cloud in-house chips capture more incremental deployments (especially inference), Nvidia’s blended ASPs and margins could normalize, even if unit share remains high. MarketWatch
• Wildcards: Breakthroughs in optics, memory architectures, or software portability could erode Nvidia’s moat faster; conversely, Nvidia’s $100B OpenAI alignment could deepen its platform advantages. Reuters

8) Expert quotes you can use

• Christopher Rolland (Susquehanna): Nvidia share “to 67%” by 2030; Broadcom 14%; AMD just over 4%. Barron’s
• Hock Tan (Broadcom CEO): AI semis “$60–$90B in FY2027.” MarketWatch
• Barron’s on Nvidia momentum: “Nvidia remains the dominant chip provider amid surging demand for AI-powered technologies.” Barron’s
• Reuters on the OpenAI deal: Nvidia to invest “up to $100 billion” and deliver systems for ≥10 GW of compute. Reuters

9) Investor/strategy takeaways

For enterprises & builders

• Plan for a multi-vendor accelerator strategy by 2026–2028: Nvidia for frontier training; consider Broadcom/Marvell customs for steady-state inference or known workloads; explore TPUs/Trainium where price/perf fits. MarketWatch
• Budget for optical fabrics and advanced packaging—these increasingly determine cluster-level price/perf. Investor Relations | Marvell

For investors

• Nvidia: Core hold; near-term demand support from OpenAI deal but watch regulatory optics and potential pricing normalization. Reuters
• Broadcom: Levered to custom AI and Ethernet; upside if multiple new hyperscaler programs hit volume. MarketWatch
• AMD: Call option on MI400/MI450 scaling and ROCm progress; execution on software adoption is the key variable. Barron’s
• Marvell: Pure-play on customization + optics; rising design-win visibility but customer concentration risk. The Next Platform

Sources & further reading

• Barron’s: Market-share outlook for Nvidia/Broadcom/AMD; 2030 market of ~$475B; Nvidia dominance context. Barron’s
• Reuters: Nvidia’s up-to-$100B OpenAI investment; reaction analysis and open questions. Reuters
• MarketWatch: Broadcom’s AI semi TAM ($60–$90B) and earnings context. MarketWatch
• Google Cloud: TPU v5p and architecture details; Trillium performance claims. Google Cloud
• AWS: Trainium2/Trn2 instances—perf and price/perf positioning. Amazon Web Services, Inc.
• The Next Platform & IBD: Marvell’s custom XPU + optics traction and investor updates. The Next Platform
• Related coverage of your provided links (alt mirrors/summaries): Yahoo Finance/Motley Fool on “Who could surpass Nvidia?” and “Who’s challenging Broadcom?”. Yahoo Finance

Note: Figures and quotes reflect reporting up to Sep 27, 2025; long-range forecasts (e.g., 2030 shares) are inherently uncertain and may change with roadmap execution, supply, and regulatory developments.