Understanding How AI Works in 2025: Core Concepts, Breakthroughs, and Societal Impact
By 2023, the U.S. FDA had approved 223 AI-powered medical devices, up from 6 in 2015. GPT-4, released in 2023, is described as having over 100 trillion parameters and powers ChatGPT-like capabilities. The Transformer architecture was introduced in 2017 with the paper “Attention Is