Executive Summary and Market Overview The global space industry is experiencing robust growth in the mid-2020s, driven by commercial innovation and rising government investment. In 2024, the global space economy reached an estimated $415 billion in revenue, up 4% from the previous year sia.org. Commercial satellite activities dominate, accounting for about $293 billion (71%) of this total sia.org. The number of…
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Historical Overview of Internet Development in Azerbaijan Azerbaijan connected to the global internet relatively early in the post-Soviet era, with the first internet connection established in 1994 and public access becoming available by 1996 az-netwatch.org. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, internet services were initially limited and expensive, dominated by dial-up connections and a…
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Historical Development of Internet Infrastructure and Policies Armenia’s journey to modern internet connectivity began in the 1990s with a single dominant telecom operator. After independence in 1991, the national operator ArmenTel (initially part-owned by Greece’s OTE, later by Russia’s VimpelCom) held a legal monopoly over telephony and internet services. This monopoly, granted in 1998, hindered…
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Angola has made significant strides in expanding internet access over the past decade, yet connectivity remains very uneven between its urban hubs and rural hinterlands. With a population of about 37 million datareportal.com – most of them young and over two-thirds living in cities datareportal.com – Angola’s digital landscape is growing rapidly. As of early…
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Introduction:Internet access in Mexico has expanded dramatically in recent years, reaching over 107 million users (83% of the population) by early 2024 datareportal.com. The country has invested heavily in both ground-based infrastructure (fiber-optic networks, mobile broadband) and emerging satellite services (“sky”) to connect its people. Yet a significant digital divide remains between well-served urban areas and underserved…
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Introduction Internet connectivity in Brazil has grown tremendously over the past decade, transforming how Brazilians communicate, learn, and do business. Yet, beneath impressive national statistics lies a nuanced digital divide – gaps between rich and poor, urban and rural, and between well-connected regions and those still struggling for basic access. This report provides a comprehensive overview of…
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Overview of Thailand’s Internet Infrastructure Development Thailand was an early adopter of the internet in Asia, making its first international connection in the late 1980s and moving to full TCP/IP by 1992 en.wikipedia.org. In the early 2000s, internet access shifted from dial-up to broadband, with a major boost in 2004 when unmetered flat-rate broadband plans…
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Kiribati is a remote Pacific nation of 33 atolls spread over 3.5 million km² of ocean esa.int. This extreme geographic dispersion makes internet access both crucial for development and challenging to achieve. Improved connectivity is vital for Kiribati’s economic and social progress – enabling better education, healthcare, e-commerce, and communication services in an otherwise isolated setting mict.gov.ki.…
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Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Nigeria’s internet infrastructure relies on a combination of undersea fiber-optic cables, terrestrial networks, and a handful of dominant service providers. Multiple international submarine cables land in Nigeria, connecting it to global internet hubs. Key cables include: These undersea cables terminate in Lagos and other coastal landing stations, feeding into national…
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General Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Mozambique’s internet infrastructure is still developing and heavily reliant on mobile networks. Fixed-line broadband penetration is minimal, with the state-owned Telecomunicações de Moçambique (Tmcel) being the only operator offering integrated fixed-line services trade.gov. The country is primarily served by three mobile network providers: International connectivity has improved significantly over the past…
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