By mid-2023, fixed fiber passed over 92% of Portuguese homes, with end-2023 FTTH/B connections totaling 3.24 million households versus about 1.3 million on cable. By June 2023, 5G coverage reached about 98.1% of households (low-band), and rural 5G coverage jumped to 87.5% by mid-2023 from 20% in 2022. As of June 2023, 97.6% of households…
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By late 2022, more than 10,000 aircraft worldwide were equipped with in-flight connectivity, and about 65% of airlines planned further IFC investments in the next few years. Aireon’s space-based ADS-B payloads on Iridium NEXT have been operational since 2019, enabling global real-time tracking and supporting ICAO’s 15-minute GADSS position reporting standard. COSPAS-SARSAT, a global satellite…
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L-band MSS terminals, such as Inmarsat FleetBroadband and Iridium Certus, provide global coverage with compact antennas but limited data throughput. Ku-band VSAT (12–18 GHz) has been the maritime workhorse, Ka-band HTS (26–40 GHz) offers higher capacity, while C-band deployments are restricted near shore due to interference and large dish requirements. GEO satellites offer broad coverage…
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