Vietnam’s 2025 Drone Law Overhaul: Ultimate Guide to New Rules, Permits & No-Fly Zones

Vietnam has dramatically tightened its drone regulations in recent years, making it crucial for both hobbyists and commercial operators to understand the laws before taking to the skies. This comprehensive 2025 guide breaks down Vietnam’s drone laws – from permit requirements and airspace restrictions to privacy rules and penalties – so you can fly your drone legally and safely in Vietnam. We’ll cover the latest regulations for recreational and commercial use, how to register for permits (whether you’re a local or tourist), no-fly zones and altitude limits, what foreign visitors need to do when bringing drones into Vietnam, and the consequences of violations, all with references to official sources. Let’s dive into Vietnam’s strict but navigable drone law landscape.

Recreational vs. Commercial Drone Use in Vietnam

Whether you’re flying a drone for fun or for business in Vietnam, drones are allowed – but nearly all flights require prior authorization from government authorities drone-laws.com 2bigproduction.com. Vietnam’s laws apply equally to recreational hobbyists and commercial operators, with only a few differences in practice. Key points include:

• Mandatory Permits: Every drone flight (recreational or commercial) must be approved via a special flight license (permit) issued by the Ministry of National Defense. This rule applies to both Vietnamese citizens and foreigners operating in Vietnam drone-laws.com. (We will explain the permitting process in detail below.)
• No General Registration: Unlike some countries, Vietnam does not require you to register your drone in a national database for ordinary use drone-laws.com. The focus is on obtaining a flight permit for each operation. (Government and law enforcement drones are exempt from permits and registration requirements when used for official purposes drone-laws.com.)
• Recreational Use: Casual flying for personal enjoyment is legal only with a permit. The law doesn’t differentiate “hobby” flights from others – you still need authorization drone-laws.com. However, in mid-2025 authorities introduced a small exception for tiny drones: drones under 250 grams flown purely for fun do not require a permit, as long as you obey all other rules (stay within line-of-sight, below altitude limits, and away from restricted areas) primetravelvietnam.com. This means popular ultralight models (like DJI Mini series under 250g) can be flown without prior permission, but all larger drones require a permit.
• Commercial Use: Using drones for any business, professional filming, or services also requires the same flight permits. In addition, commercial operators are expected to carry insurance to cover any liabilities drone-laws.com. While Vietnam’s drone laws don’t explicitly mandate insurance for hobbyists, having liability insurance is strongly recommended for any drone flight 2bigproduction.com. Commercial drone companies should ensure they have adequate coverage, and in practice insurance is often treated as required for commercial drone permits drone-laws.com.
• Drone Classes (Weight/Altitude): Vietnam imposes some technical limits. Drones must weigh under 12 kilograms (26 lbs) to be operated by civilians drone-laws.com. Heavier unmanned aircraft likely fall under other regulations or may not be permitted for private use at all. There is also a default altitude ceiling of 120 meters (394 feet) above ground level for drone flights primetravelvietnam.com. Flying higher than 120 m is considered a “restricted” flight that would only be allowed with explicit special permission (most permits for civilian drones will not allow exceeding this height). In practice, you should never exceed 120 m altitude unless your permit specifically allows it. Some sources have cited a 150 m (492 ft) maximum, but Vietnam’s official rules define airspace above 120 m as restricted vir.com.vn, so 400 ft is the effective limit in normal cases.

Aside from these points, the rules for recreational and commercial drone operations are largely the same in Vietnam’s regulatory framework. Both must follow the country’s strict operational rules regarding where you can fly, when you can fly, and what you can do with your drone, which we will detail next.

Drone Permit Requirements and Application Process

Vietnam requires a flight permit for each and every drone flight (with the minor under-250g exception noted). This permit is essentially a flight license or authorization from the government allowing you to operate a drone at a specified time and place. Here’s what you need to know about obtaining permits:

• Governing Authority: Uniquely, Vietnam’s drone permits are handled by the Ministry of National Defense (MoD), not just the civil aviation authority. The Air Defense – Air Force branch of the military oversees all unmanned aircraft flights for security reasonsmoj.gov.vn. Specifically, the Department of Operations under the General Staff of the Vietnam People’s Army is the unit that reviews applications and issues drone flight licenses en.nhandan.vn. (The Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam (CAAV) is aware of and involved in drone safety to some extent, but final approval comes from the Defense Ministry en.nhandan.vn.) This reflects Vietnam’s cautious stance that drones could pose security or defense risks if misused.
• Permit Lead Time: You must apply well in advance of your planned flight. As of 2025, official guidance is to submit your application no later than 7 working days before the flight date en.nhandan.vn. In other words, get your paperwork in at least about 1.5 weeks ahead. In practice, many recommend applying even earlier – 10–14 days in advance – to ensure there’s enough time for processing and any follow-up questions primetravelvietnam.com. Foreign travelers especially should allow extra time (even up to 3 weeks before travel) to get the approval back primetravelvietnam.com. Last-minute or same-day requests will not be entertained; flying “on the fly” without prior clearance is illegal.
• Where to Apply: Vietnam has an official online portal for drone permits. Applicants can submit electronically via the Ministry of National Defense’s public e-portal for administrative services en.nhandan.vn. The specific service is titled “Flight License for UAVs and ultralight flying vehicles” on the MoD’s e-government website en.nhandan.vn. Alternatively, you can apply in person or by mail: the application must reach the Department of Operations at No. 1 Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, Ba Đình District, Hanoi (this is the Ministry of Defense headquarters) en.nhandan.vn. The MoD also has a “One-Stop Service Office” at that address to receive applications en.nhandan.vn. Many foreigners opt to hire a local service or agency to handle the process (more on that below), but it is possible to apply on your own.
• Required Documents: The permit application involves a dossier of documents providing details about you and your drone. According to official regulations and guidance, a complete application typically includes drone-laws.com 2bigproduction.com:
  • A completed application form (in Vietnamese). This form will ask for the purpose of the flight, exact flight area (with coordinates or map), date and time, and details of the drone. (A standard form was provided in Vietnamese government decrees; agencies can help fill it out.)
  • Personal identification: for individuals, a notarized copy of your passport (for foreigners) or ID card (for Vietnamese) is required 2bigproduction.com. For companies applying, a copy of the business registration certificate may be needed.
  • Drone technical information: You should provide specifications of your drone (make, model, weight, etc.) and usually a photograph of the drone itself 2bigproduction.com. Some applications include an appendix describing the drone’s technical features.
  • Flight area map: You may need to include a map or image of the intended flight location. For example, a Google Maps screenshot or similar marked with your flight area can be attached 2bigproduction.com.
  • Takeoff/Landing permission: If you plan to take off from or land on private property or an airfield, you might need to show you have permission to use that location drone-laws.com. (For most small drone flights this might not apply, but it’s in the formal requirements.)
  • Any other relevant documents about your drone or flight. This could include proof of insurance (especially for commercial flights), or evidence of a local partner if applicable.
  All documents should be prepared in Vietnamese or with a certified translation. The MoD will correspond in Vietnamese. This is why many foreigners use a local agent or fixer to compile and submit the paperwork on their behalf.
• Permit Conditions: If your application is approved, the flight license you receive will specify the exact terms of what is allowed 2bigproduction.com. A permit is typically valid only for a single use (one flight mission) – it will list the approved date/time window, the location or coordinates where you may fly, the maximum altitude, and the specific drone approved (by serial number or description) 2bigproduction.com. You must fly exactly according to these terms. The permit may also designate a local authority to supervise the flight or require you to notify air traffic control if near an airport 2bigproduction.com. Permits cannot be reused – you need a new approval for a new flight or a new date 2bigproduction.com. If you need to change the schedule or area, you must submit an amendment request (which also must be at least 7 days in advance) 2bigproduction.com.
• Costs and Fees: Officially, Vietnam does not publish a fixed fee for drone permits – any fees are typically administrative. However, in practice there are costs. If you go through an agency or service, they will charge for their facilitation. Reports from travelers indicate permit services can cost anywhere from USD $350 to $700 per day of flying arranged drone-laws.com drone-laws.com. The fee often depends on the complexity (location, timing) and how urgent the request is. This can quickly add up if you want to fly on multiple days – and note that if bad weather ruins your planned day, you cannot simply switch days without a new permit drone-laws.com. When applying directly, you may only pay small processing fees, but the challenge of language and bureaucracy is high. Budget accordingly if you need permission for a commercial shoot – the cost is significant.
• Help for Foreign Operators: Because of the paperwork hurdles, foreign drone pilots nearly always partner with a local facilitator. Vietnamese travel companies, film production firms, or specialized permit agents can prepare and submit the application on your behalf (for a fee). They will also act as a liaison if the authorities have questions. While it is possible to do it yourself by translating the form and emailing the MoD, expect it to be challenging without Vietnamese language skills womenwhodrone.co womenwhodrone.co. Having a “local friend” or company to sponsor your request is strongly recommended by those with experience uavsystemsinternational.com uavsystemsinternational.com. In addition, customs clearance is an issue – see the next section on bringing drones into Vietnam as a tourist.
• If You Don’t Have a Permit: Flying without the official permit is a violation of Vietnam’s laws. The authorities take unauthorized drone flights very seriously (as detailed in the Penalties section). It cannot be overstated: do not attempt to fly first and ask questions later. The permit process may be cumbersome, but it is the only legal route for drone use in Vietnam. Many travelers ultimately decide it’s not worth the hassle and leave the drone at home – but if you do bring yours, make sure you follow through with getting permission.

Airspace Restrictions and No-Fly Zones

Even with a permit in hand, Vietnam heavily restricts where drones can fly. The government has delineated specific no-fly zones (where unmanned aircraft cannot be flown at all) and restricted areas (where flight is only allowed under certain conditions or altitudes). Violating these airspace rules can lead to severe consequences. Here’s an overview of Vietnam’s drone geospatial restrictions:

• Military and Security Zones (No-Fly): Areas related to national defense and security are strictly no-fly zones for drones. This includes military bases, installations, training grounds, ammunition depots, and border security posts, as well as prisons and detention centers under the Ministry of Public Security vir.com.vn. Drones cannot operate over or even near these locations. By law, UAVs must keep a horizontal distance of at least 500 meters away from such no-fly areas at all times vir.com.vn. In practice, if you are anywhere near a military area, you should assume it’s off-limits. Many military sites are not obviously marked to the public, so extreme caution is advised – flying near any barracks, naval bases, radar stations, etc., will get you in trouble. It’s wise to study maps (and use the new MoD no-fly zone map portal) to identify these zones.
• Government Buildings (No-Fly): The airspace above sensitive government offices is also prohibited. Drones may not fly over central government headquarters such as the Communist Party Central Committee compound, the Presidential Palace, National Assembly, Government Office, ministries, or provincial government offices vir.com.vn. The restriction also covers diplomatic embassies/consulates and international organizations’ offices vir.com.vn. A 200-meter buffer horizontally must be maintained – drones should not come within 200 m of these buildings, regardless of altitude vir.com.vn. Essentially, avoid flying in downtown Hanoi’s political center or other city administrative zones.
• Civil Airports and Airfields: All civil airports and airfields in Vietnam have protective no-fly zones around them. As a baseline, drones cannot fly within the immediate boundaries of any airport, period vir.com.vn. Beyond that, the no-fly zone extends in a rectangular shape aligned with runways: 15,000 meters (15 km) from each end of runways and 5,000 m to each side of the runway centerline are off-limits at any altitude vir.com.vn. This effectively creates a large exclusion zone around airports. Notably, even smaller airports with fewer than 6 flights a day can adjust their protected zone as needed, but one rule is consistent: no drone flights are allowed within one hour before or after any scheduled aircraft takeoff or landing at the airport vir.com.vn. If you somehow get a permit to fly near an airport (for example, for special filming), it would require coordination with air traffic control and military flight management at that airport vir.com.vn. In nearly all cases, drones should stay far away from airports – at least 15 km away from runways is a safe rule of thumb.
• Air Routes and Flight Corridors: Apart from airports themselves, Vietnam also prohibits drones from operating in the designated airways and flight corridors used by commercial and military aircraft vir.com.vn. These routes (published in the Aeronautical Information Publication – AIP Vietnam) are essentially the highways in the sky that airplanes use. Flying an UAV in controlled airspace along these routes is illegal without special clearance. For drone pilots, this means you should not fly at high altitudes or in areas near approach/departure paths of major airports even if outside the 15 km zone. Practically, staying under 120 m AGL and well away from known flight paths will keep you clear of this issue.
• Urban and Crowded Areas: By law, “crowded areas” are restricted zones for drone flight vir.com.vn. This generally refers to densely populated urban areas, mass gatherings of people, city centers, etc. Flying over large crowds (concerts, rallies, busy streets) is both a safety and privacy concern – and thus not allowed without explicit permission. If you have a lightweight drone under 250g and no permit, you absolutely must avoid flying over people or busy public areas to stay within the “no permit” exception primetravelvietnam.com. Even with a permit, authorities may limit flights in city downtowns or over residential neighborhoods for safety. Always exercise caution and avoid buzzing over people.
• National Border Zones: Vietnam imposes very large restricted zones along its national borders. To protect security, drones cannot fly close to neighboring countries’ boundaries. The rules specify that in the north, you must stay at least 25,000 m (25 km) away from the China–Vietnam land border when flying vir.com.vn. Along the western borders with Laos and Cambodia, a 10,000 m (10 km) buffer zone is in effect vir.com.vn. These are significant distances – essentially a drone should not operate anywhere near border regions without high-level permission. If you are traveling near border areas (e.g. Cao Bang, Lang Son, Lao Cai provinces near China, or along the Lao/Cambodian border), it’s safest to refrain from drone use entirely unless you have specific clearance.
• Altitude Restrictions: As mentioned, all airspace above 120 meters high is classified as restricted for unmanned aircraft vir.com.vn. Generally, hobbyist drones should never exceed 120 m (approx 400 ft) altitude. Even with a permit, you are unlikely to get approval to fly higher than that in most areas, unless for a special project. Keep your drone at a low, safe altitude. Additionally, certain zones near airports have lower altitude limits – for example, within the 3 km by 5 km “buffer” outside airport no-fly zones, drones if allowed at all must stay under 120 m AGL primetravelvietnam.com to avoid interfering with aircraft on approach. Always abide by any altitude cap given in your permit; violating altitude limits is treated as a serious offense.
• Temporary Flight Bans: Vietnamese authorities reserve the right to impose ad-hoc no-fly orders in the interest of security or public safety vir.com.vn primetravelvietnam.com. For instance, during major events, VIP visits, or if there is a security threat, the government can instantaneously ban all drone flights in a certain area. If you have a permit and a temporary ban is announced, your permit can be voided for that period. This was emphasized in the 2020 drone decision – the Ministry of Defense can declare additional prohibited areas at any time if needed vir.com.vn. Always stay alert to local news or notices, especially around politically sensitive dates or locations.
• Online No-Fly Zone Map: A new development in 2025 is that the Ministry of National Defense has launched an online portal with maps of all no-fly and restricted zones en.nhandan.vn. This went live on June 15, 2025. The portal (cambay.mod.gov.vn) allows anyone – including foreign operators – to view the up-to-date map of restricted airspace in Vietnam en.nhandan.vn. Local provincial websites also link to this map for their specific areas. This initiative was designed to make it easier for drone users to know where they must avoid flying. If you plan to operate a drone, it’s highly recommended to check this official map beforehand. Note that the map data is considered sensitive (state secret laws apply) so it may not show every detail publicly, but it covers the general zones and is updated regularly en.nhandan.vn.

In summary, Vietnam’s airspace restrictions are extensive – more so than many other countries. Essentially, large portions of the country (around airports, military areas, borders, and cities) are either off-limits or require special clearance. Always plan your flight location carefully. The safest places to fly a drone in Vietnam are typically remote, unpopulated areas well away from any airports or military sites – and even then, you need a permit. When in doubt, assume an area is restricted unless you have confirmed otherwise. This conservative approach will keep you out of trouble.

Rules for Tourists and Foreign Operators

If you are a foreign traveler hoping to bring a drone into Vietnam for aerial photography on your trip, be aware that Vietnam’s drone laws apply equally to foreigners – in some cases, the process is even more complicated for non-residents. Here are special considerations for tourists or foreign drone operators:

• Bringing a Drone Through Customs: Vietnam’s Customs authorities are familiar with drones and will often ask arriving passengers if they have any UAVs in their baggage. It is legal to bring a drone into Vietnam, but you may be required to show proof that you have authorization to fly it womenwhodrone.co. Travelers have reported that customs officers sometimes hold or impound drones at the airport if the passenger cannot produce a Ministry of Defense permit or a valid reason for import. In some cases, the drone is kept by customs and returned to the traveler when they depart Vietnam womenwhodrone.co. To avoid this, it’s best to secure your flight permit before you travel and carry copies (in Vietnamese) to show customs. If you have an official permit or authorization letter from the MoD, present it at customs to explain why you are bringing the drone in. There is also an import declaration form you might need to fill. Without paperwork, you’re essentially asking customs to trust that you won’t use the drone illegally – which they may not, given the regulations. Plan ahead and don’t attempt to sneak a drone through customs.
• Permit Application for Foreigners: As covered earlier, foreigners can apply for drone permits, but it is recommended to use a local agent or sponsor. Some Vietnamese tour companies offer drone permit arrangement as a service for tourists, albeit at a high cost. If you’re a professional (photographer, filmmaker) traveling for a project, partner with a local production company early – they can handle permits and even provide a registered drone operator if needed. Keep in mind the timeline: start the process weeks before your trip. The application will require your passport details and visa information, so have your travel documents ready to include in the submission primetravelvietnam.com. It’s wise to have Vietnamese translations of anything you submit. Foreign operators must follow all the same rules (flight area, time, etc.) specified on the permit. The MoD does not issue open-ended permits to tourists – it will be for a specific flight plan.
• Language Barrier and Communication: All the regulations and permit communications will be in Vietnamese. Unless you speak the language, dealing with authorities can be challenging. Ensure that any helper or fixer you use is reliable and can communicate on your behalf. Even when flying on location, it might be useful to have a local person with you. If police or military personnel approach you during a flight, a language barrier can cause misunderstandings. Have your permit documents on hand and a translation of them if possible. Being polite and showing official papers usually deescalates any concerns, but not being able to explain yourself can lead to confiscation. Consider learning a few key Vietnamese phrases related to drone flying (or have them written down) – for example, “Tôi có giấy phép bay flycam từ Bộ Quốc Phòng” (meaning “I have a drone flight permit from the Ministry of Defense”).
• Restrictions on Foreign Media Use: If you are filming with a drone as a foreign media outlet or for a documentary, additional regulations might apply. Vietnam often requires foreign journalists or filmmakers to get separate filming permission from the Foreign Press Center or other authorities, in addition to the drone permit. Drone use for journalism or mapping could be sensitive. Ensure you clear all necessary bureaucratic hurdles if your drone work is part of a media project. In general, casual tourist photography is not subject to those press regulations – but anything that appears like professional news gathering might attract attention.
• Where Can Tourists Fly? Practically speaking, if you obtain a permit, it will specify exactly where you can fly. Tourists have successfully gotten permits to fly in certain scenic areas (for example, some have obtained permission for parts of Ha Long Bay, or over rural landscapes). The process may be easier if you are flying in a controlled environment (like on a tour company’s private property or far from sensitive sites). Popular tourist spots that are remote (mountain areas, countryside) stand a better chance than busy cities or border regions. Remember that even as a tourist with a small drone, you must avoid all the no-fly zones described earlier – no buzzing over the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum or near an airport for a cool shot! Stick to the location in your permit. If locals seem uncomfortable or curious (and they will be – drones, known as “flycam” locally, attract onlookers womenwhodrone.co), be prepared to land and explain you have permission. It’s good to have a Vietnamese copy of your permit to show any curious official or even a concerned citizen.
• Enforcement and Cultural Sensitivity: Vietnamese people are generally friendly, but when it comes to security laws they can be quite vigilant. Don’t be surprised if someone reports a drone sighting to the police if you’re flying in a questionable area. As a foreigner, you might stand out more, and any misstep can be attributed to ignorance of the law at best, or malicious intent at worst. Always err on the side of caution. Additionally, respect privacy and local customs: do not film people at close range without permission (more on privacy laws in the next section). Avoid flying over temples, military memorials, or other culturally sensitive sites – this can offend people and prompt authorities to intervene. A good practice is to talk to locals or guides before flying: they might inform you of any unspoken do’s and don’ts at a location.
• Exit with Your Drone: If you successfully navigated a Vietnam trip with your drone, ensure a smooth departure. Have your import declaration (if any) and permit handy in case customs wants to verify that you are exporting the same drone you brought in. There have been few issues on exit reported, but it’s always possible for customs to double-check. If your drone was held during entry, you would retrieve it now (using whatever receipt or claim check you were given). Give yourself extra time at the airport for this process. Always remember that Vietnamese laws are strict – but showing that you respected their procedures will usually be met with courtesy.

In short, for foreign drone enthusiasts: plan extensively or reconsider bringing the drone. Vietnam’s beauty is tempting to capture from above, but the legal hoops are non-trivial. Many travelers decide that enjoying the trip without drone footage is better than risking fines or confiscation. However, if you do your homework and follow the rules, it is possible to have a rewarding (and legal) drone flying experience in Vietnam.

Privacy, Data Protection, and Surveillance Regulations

When flying a drone in Vietnam, it’s not just aviation rules you need to keep in mind – privacy and data laws also come into play. The country has been increasing its legal protections for personal privacy and information, and using a drone with a camera could potentially run afoul of these if you’re not careful.

• Aerial Photography Restrictions: Vietnamese regulations explicitly ban mounting cameras or recording equipment on drones unless you have a license to do so drone-laws.com. In other words, using a drone for aerial photography or videography requires specific permission. Practically, the drone flight permit issued by MoD should indicate if you are allowed to take photos/video. If you did not declare that purpose and get approval, filming from the drone is illegal drone-laws.com. This rule is rooted in security concerns – unauthorized aerial filming could capture sensitive sites (military bases, government buildings, infrastructure) or violate privacy. Thus, do not take aerial images without prior authorization. Many tourists might be unaware of this nuance and think a general permit allows photography, but technically you need it stated. To be safe, assume that a drone with a camera is regulated as a surveillance device in Vietnam. If your drone can record, make sure your permit covers that activity. Flying just for fun without recording might be treated more leniently than flying while actively filming.
• General Privacy Laws: Vietnam’s general privacy and data protection laws (like the new Personal Data Protection Decree effective 2023) prohibit collecting or distributing personal data without consent. While these are aimed more at companies and cyber data, a drone operator should still respect privacy. Do not zoom in on people in private places, homes, or other private property. Taking photos of someone without consent could be seen as harassment or a violation of their privacy rights, especially if later published. Always err on the side of not intruding on private spaces with your drone. Also note that flying low over someone’s backyard or a business could prompt complaints and legal trouble. The 2BIG Production guide specifically advises pilots to avoid flying over private properties or crowded areas without permission out of respect and to prevent issues 2bigproduction.com 2bigproduction.com.
• Surveillance and Sensitive Data: Using drones for any form of surveillance, mapping, or data collection in Vietnam can raise red flags. For example, mapping border areas or taking aerial pictures of police/military facilities could be construed as espionage or at least a serious offense. Vietnam’s cybersecurity law and other regulations make it illegal to collect or distribute information that could affect national security. Be mindful that what might seem like an innocent landscape shot could, if it includes, say, an army base in the background, lead to complications. Never fly near critical infrastructure (power plants, telecom towers, etc.) or security checkpoints. Also, do not use drones to monitor or follow individuals – that can be seen as stalking. Essentially, common-sense privacy etiquette is law: if you wouldn’t want a drone watching or recording you in that situation, don’t do it to others.
• Data Storage: A quirk to consider: If you capture aerial footage in Vietnam, technically that data might need to be handled in compliance with Vietnamese law. For professional projects, there can be rules about not exporting certain imagery without permission. In most tourist cases this won’t be enforced, but be aware that theoretically, authorities could ask you to delete footage that they deem sensitive or in violation of your permit. Always comply if an official requests you to hand over or erase drone footage. It’s wise to review what you’ve recorded and delete any shots of sensitive sites before leaving the area, to avoid problems if inspected.
• Respect for Cultural Sensitivity: Privacy in Vietnam also extends to cultural and religious sites. While not a “law” per se, it’s respectful not to fly a noisy drone over solemn places like temples, pagodas, memorials, or funerals. Aside from privacy, it’s about being culturally aware. Causing a disturbance at a heritage site can lead to public backlash or even intervention by local authorities. Some areas (like parts of Hue’s Imperial City or certain religious compounds) may have their own bans on drone flights to preserve dignity and avoid distraction. Always seek local guidance – a quick ask to an official or guard, “Can I fly a drone here?” (with permit in hand) is advisable. If the answer is no, respect it.

In summary, Vietnam wants to prevent drones from becoming eyes in the sky that violate personal or national privacy. The rules requiring permits for cameras and the general admonitions to not spy or trespass with drones underscore this. By following your permit conditions and using basic courtesy – not filming people without consent, steering clear of private and sensitive areas – you can avoid privacy pitfalls. Keep your drone as a tool for capturing Vietnam’s beauty, not its guarded secrets, and you should be fine.

Penalties for Violating Drone Laws

Vietnam enforces its drone regulations with a range of penalties – and they can be quite strict. If you break the rules, whether knowingly or unknowingly, you could face fines, confiscation of your drone, and even criminal charges in serious cases. Here’s what could happen if you violate Vietnam’s drone laws:

• Fines for Unlicensed Flying: Operating a drone without the required permit (flight license) is considered an administrative violation. According to Vietnam’s sanctioning regime, the fine for flying without a permit is typically between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 Vietnamese Dong (roughly $40–$80 USD) for an individual lawnet.vn lawnet.vn. This is a baseline penalty for what they term “using an unmanned aerial vehicle without a flight license or not adhering to the licensed area/time.” It may not sound huge, but that’s just for a first-offense or minor case. Also, if you are a foreigner, fines might be on the higher end of the range or accompanied by other measures (sometimes authorities might confiscate the drone in addition to issuing a fine).
• Higher Fines for Aggravated Violations: The penalties scale up sharply if your drone use is deemed to threaten safety or security. For example, if you fly in a restricted zone (like near an airport or military area) or your drone flight interferes with other aircraft, fines can be much steeper. Recent reports in 2025 indicate that unauthorized drone operations near airports can incur fines of 20–30 million VND ($800–$1,200) dtinews.dantri.com.vn. Even higher, if a drone actually obstructs or endangers an aircraft, fines go up to 30–40 million VND ($1,200–$1,600) dtinews.dantri.com.vn. These figures are codified in decrees and were highlighted after incidents of drones near Thọ Xuân Airport, showing the government’s resolve to punish serious violations. In addition to fines, such incidents could lead to an investigation by security forces.
• Equipment Confiscation: Vietnamese authorities have the power to seize your drone and related equipment if you violate the laws. Confiscation is a common additional penalty, especially for foreigners – the drone might be taken on the spot by police or military officers. In some cases (like an illegal flight near a sensitive area), you might not get the drone back at all. The law explicitly allows confiscation of the “exhibits and means” of the violation vietnam.vn dtinews.dantri.com.vn. This means your drone, camera, memory cards, etc., can be held or permanently forfeited. Practically, many have found that once a drone is confiscated in Vietnam, retrieving it is bureaucratic and often impossible unless you have strong grounds to appeal. It’s better not to risk losing your valuable device – follow the rules so it never gets taken.
• Detention or Legal Action: For most administrative drone violations, you’ll just face a fine and confiscation at worst. However, if your actions are viewed as intentionally compromising national security or you commit a serious offense (like capturing defense secrets, or causing an accident), you could face criminal charges. Vietnam’s criminal code could be invoked for espionage or endangering transportation, for example. In extreme cases, violators can be arrested. While rare for tourists, it is not unheard of in other countries for drone pilots to be detained for flying in the wrong place (and Vietnam certainly has arrested people for less). At the very least, expect to be detained for questioning if caught in a flagrant violation, even if it ends with a fine. Vietnam’s approach is generally to deport or fine foreign nationals rather than jail them for minor infractions, but one should not rely on leniency. The specter of imprisonment exists for grave breaches of law.
• License Revocation and Bans: If you are a Vietnamese operator with a prior license or an organization that had approval, violations can result in your permits being revoked and future applications denied. The Ministry of Defense can blacklist operators who flout the terms of their flight license. For foreigners, this might translate to being denied permits if you apply again, or even visa issues if something serious occurred. Essentially, you get one chance – if you mess it up, don’t expect to get clearance to fly again anytime soon.
• Examples and Enforcement: Enforcement of drone laws has ramped up. For example, local media reported cases of a drone being flown without permission in a city and the operator being fined a couple million dong and having the drone seized facebook.com. In another instance, drones flying near a restricted military zone led to a larger investigation. Vietnamese authorities also encourage citizens to report unauthorized drones – meaning you have many eyes on the ground. With the new map of no-fly zones, officials have the tools to catch violators more easily (“You were flying here – which is clearly within a banned zone, as per the map”). In tourist areas like Da Nang or Hanoi, police have been known to stop drone users if seen, to verify permits. The bottom line is enforcement is real: just because you see some YouTube videos of people who “got away with it” doesn’t mean you will. Many others have had their drones confiscated at airports or on the street.
• Mitigating Trouble: If you are confronted by law enforcement or military personnel while flying, the best course is to cooperate fully. Immediately bring the drone down and show any permits or paperwork you have. If you inadvertently flew somewhere you shouldn’t, apologize and explain calmly. Sometimes language barriers cause confusion; showing genuine intent to follow the law may lead to a warning or minimal fine. Trying to argue or run will end badly. Remember, from the official’s perspective, they are protecting security – so respect their authority. Paying a fine on the spot (with a receipt) might conclude the matter. In some cases, foreigners have been asked unofficially for “fines” (bribes) by low-level officers – this is a tricky situation, but keeping things official is usually better. Always ask for a receipt if you pay a fine.

In summary, violating Vietnam’s drone rules can cost you both money and your drone, and pose legal risks. The penalties range from a slap on the wrist fine to substantial financial hits and confiscations for serious breaches. Given the relatively low cost of compliance (compared to these penalties), it is simply not worth the risk to break the rules. Obey the permit requirements and flight restrictions, and you won’t have to worry about these penalties at all.

Relevant Authorities and Obtaining Authorization

Multiple government bodies in Vietnam have a hand in regulating drone usage. Knowing who does what can help you navigate the process and direct inquiries appropriately. Here’s a breakdown of the key authorities involved in drone laws and how to obtain the necessary authorizations:

• Ministry of National Defense (Bộ Quốc Phòng): This is the primary authority for drone flight approvals. Within the MoD, the Department of Operations (Cục Tác Chiến) of the General Staff is specifically tasked with managing and licensing unmanned aircraft flights en.nhandan.vn. They are the ones who receive your applications and issue flight permits. The MoD’s role stems from the notion that drones affect national airspace security. How to contact/apply: As mentioned, you can apply online via the MoD Public Service Portal en.nhandan.vn. If needed, the Department of Operations’ contact (from past information) is at phone +84 69 533 200 (military line) and email might not be public, but the portal is the main channel. They also provided an email [email protected] for general inquiries related to the new UAV zone portal en.nhandan.vn, which could potentially be used for questions. Generally, though, individuals won’t be corresponding directly with MoD staff except through formal applications.
• Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam (CAAV – Cục Hàng không Việt Nam): The CAAV is Vietnam’s civil aviation regulator under the Ministry of Transport. CAAV is aware of drone operations and coordinates on safety issues (like in cases of drones near airports) dtinews.dantri.com.vn dtinews.dantri.com.vn. They have also published basic guidelines stating drones are legal but must follow regulations uavcoach.com. However, CAAV does not issue hobbyist drone permits – that’s MoD’s job. CAAV’s main involvement is setting civil aviation policy and handling commercial drone integration perhaps in the future. If you have general questions, CAAV’s contact (from their website) is [email protected] and phone +84 4 3872 2394 uavcoach.com. They might provide guidance or forward you to the right defense authority. For most users, you won’t directly deal with CAAV unless you were a company trying to do something like drone delivery or large-scale operations that need separate aviation approvals.
• Local People’s Committees and Police: Local authorities (provincial or city People’s Committee and local police) play a role in enforcement and sometimes in the permission loop. While your permit comes from the MoD, sometimes local authorities are notified or even must consent especially if it’s a sensitive location. For example, to fly in a city center, the local police might be informed by MoD to supervise. In the new scheme of publishing no-fly zones, provincial authorities are involved in disseminating info en.nhandan.vn. If you have a very specific local question (like “Is this park considered a restricted area?”), you might inquire with local officials, but their knowledge may vary. In any case, if stopped by police while flying, show your Defense Ministry permit. The permit should ideally prevent any local fines, since it’s a higher authority – though police might verify it. If you needed special access (like flying from a city rooftop), you might need local permission (property owner or local ward police) in addition to the MoD permit.
• Vietnam Air Defense – Air Force Command: On the military side, Vietnam’s Air Defense-Air Force is the unit that technically oversees the airspace. The Department of Operations coordinates with them. In rare cases, if your flight is near an airbase or military airspace, they might be the ones actually monitoring. There’s not much a civilian needs to do here except know that if, for instance, an air defense unit sees an unauthorized drone, they might respond (in worst case, they could jam or shoot it down, though that would be extreme for small drones). This just underscores that the military is actively watching for drones in sensitive airspace.
• Obtaining Official Information: Vietnam’s laws and decisions on drones can be found in published legal documents (such as Prime Minister’s Decision 18/2020/QĐ-TTg for no-fly zones, and Decree 36/2008/ND-CP for management of unmanned aircraft, etc.). The Vietnam Ministry of Justice portal has English translations of some of thesemoj.gov.vnmoj.gov.vn. If you want to read the exact legal text, those are good sources. Additionally, the Vietnam News Agency and other state media (like VietnamPlus, Nhan Dan) have reported on drone law updates and are considered official news sources. We have cited several of those in this report. Staying tuned to such sources can alert you to any new changes (for example, if a new decree or law revision comes out in 2025 or 2026).
• Future Developments: The regulatory environment is evolving. Vietnam’s National Assembly has considered updates to the Vietnam Civil Aviation Law to include drones, and there is also a new Law on National Border Defense and the 2024 Law on People’s Air Defence that define UAVs in the context of security en.nhandan.vn. It’s possible that by 2025–2026, more streamlined rules (or even a licensing system for frequent drone pilots) could emerge. So far, however, the system remains case-by-case permits. Keep an eye on announcements from the Ministry of Defense or CAAV for any pilot programs or changes (for instance, maybe an online map-based permit application, etc., in the future).

In summary, if you need authorization: Ministry of Defense is your main stop. Use their portal or contact through official channels to get your permit. CAAV can offer guidance but not permits. And always be prepared to work with local authorities when actually launching your drone. A bit of homework on the bureaucratic structure goes a long way in ensuring you’re talking to the right people and following the correct procedures in Vietnam.

Recent Updates and Changes to Drone Regulations (2024–2025)

Drone laws in Vietnam are not static – the government has been actively updating its policies as drone usage grows. Here are some of the most recent developments up to mid-2025 that operators should be aware of:

• Public No-Fly Zone Maps (2025): One of the biggest changes is the move to increase transparency about restricted airspace. In June 2025, the Ministry of National Defense officially launched a portal that publishes interactive maps of no-fly and restricted zones for drones en.nhandan.vn. This was implemented under a plan by the Central Steering Committee for Decision 18/2020, acknowledging that many people were unsure where they could or couldn’t fly. Now, domestic and foreign drone users can check the website (cambay.mod.gov.vn) to see designated off-limits areas. This update is significant – it shows Vietnam embracing technology to help drone pilots comply, and it came into effect on 15 June 2025 en.nhandan.vn. The zones on the map will be updated at least every two years, or sooner if changes occur en.nhandan.vn. If you plan to fly in Vietnam, make use of this resource.
• Law on People’s Air Defence (2024): In 2024, Vietnam passed a Law on People’s Air Defence which, among many things, provided formal definitions of unmanned aircraft and ultralight flying vehicles in legislation en.nhandan.vn. This law (effective 2025) solidifies terms like what constitutes a UAV, etc. While largely a defensive law, it complements existing regulations by ensuring that drones are accounted for in defense planning and legal definitions. For drone users, the immediate effect is that the legal framework is more codified – there’s no ambiguity that drones fall under air defense jurisdiction. It doesn’t necessarily change the process for getting permits, but it underscores the rationale (air defense and security) behind Vietnam’s controls.
• Stricter Enforcement & Penalties (2024–2025): Authorities have stepped up enforcement in light of several incidents. For instance, drones were spotted near Tho Xuan Airport in June 2025, prompting an emergency response and reminders of heavy fines dtinews.dantri.com.vn dtinews.dantri.com.vn. In late 2024 and early 2025, the government also publicized Decree 144/2021 (which took effect earlier) that set specific fines for drone violations (as discussed in the Penalties section) lawnet.vn lawnet.vn. Going into 2025, the word is out that flying without proper documents can cost you, and that message is being conveyed to locals and tourists alike. We also saw travel advisories and blogs in 2025 highlighting that the permit rules are being actively enforced starting mid-2025 primetravelvietnam.com. Essentially, Vietnam moved from a somewhat gray area in the mid-2010s (when drones were new and rules unclear) to a very clear, strictly enforced regime by 2025.
• Tourist Advisory (2025): The government and Vietnamese travel industry have started explicitly warning tourists not to violate drone laws. New “What Not to Do in Vietnam 2025” guides for visitors now include drones as a key topic, right alongside things like e-cigarettes and driving rules primetravelvietnam.com. These advisories, like the one we cited from Prime Travel Vietnam (Feb 2025), emphasize that any drone flight needs a Defense Ministry permit and note the fines for non-compliance primetravelvietnam.com primetravelvietnam.com. The inclusion of the <250g exception for recreational use shows an effort to align with international norms, but also to clarify that otherwise the law is strict primetravelvietnam.com. If you check Vietnam’s official tourism websites or ask at embassies, they will likely reiterate these points. This is a change from a few years ago when information was harder to come by – now it’s part of standard travel advice.
• Emerging Tech and Future Laws: While not yet in effect as of mid-2025, Vietnam is certainly watching global trends like drone delivery, UAVs for agriculture, etc. In fact, some localities (like Hanoi city) have trialed using drones for activities like crop spraying or fighting dengue by fogging chemicals en.vietnamplus.vn. The success of these trials may push regulators to issue more specific rules for commercial drone services. We might see new classifications (for example, a pathway to get a longer-term license for frequent agricultural drone operations). Additionally, as ASEAN neighbors update their laws, Vietnam may adjust to remain consistent. Keep an eye on news from the Ministry of Transport and CAAV if they decide to integrate smaller drones into civil aviation regulations – e.g., there was mention of possibly including drones in a revised Aviation Law on the government’s agenda link.gov.vn.
• COVID-era and Post-COVID: Not directly a legal update, but worth noting: during 2020–2022, Vietnam saw very limited tourism due to COVID-19, which meant fewer incidents of foreigners with drones. As of 2023–2025, tourism is back, and thus the government is re-emphasizing rules as new visitors arrive. Also, drones were occasionally used for public service during the pandemic (like monitoring lockdown compliance in some countries; unclear in Vietnam). Post-pandemic, Vietnam seems keen to leverage drones for positive uses (like the mentioned agricultural drones or perhaps infrastructure inspection), but only under tight control.

In conclusion, the past year or two have made Vietnam’s drone laws clearer and more accessible, but also more strictly enforced. The trend is toward increased clarity (through official maps and published fines) and maintaining a firm stance on security. As a drone operator in 2025, you benefit from more information than ever about what’s allowed, but you also face a government that will likely catch and penalize violations more readily than before. Always ensure you have the latest info – laws can evolve, and what holds in mid-2025 could change in 2026 if Vietnam adapts to new drone technologies or decides to streamline the permit process further.

References:

1. Vietnam Plus News – “No-fly, restricted zones for unmanned aircraft announced” (June 15, 2025) en.vietnamplus.vn en.vietnamplus.vn
2. Vietnam Investment Review – “PM sets no-fly and restricted zones for drones, ultra-light aircraft” (June 16, 2020) vir.com.vn vir.com.vn
3. Prime Travel Vietnam Blog – “Drone/Flycam Regulations (2025 Enforcement)” (Feb 26, 2025) primetravelvietnam.com primetravelvietnam.com
4. Drone Laws (drone-laws.com) – “Vietnam Drone Laws [Updated May 19, 2025]” drone-laws.com drone-laws.com
5. 2BIG Production – “Drone in Vietnam: Everything you need to know” (Jan 3, 2024, updated Jul 5) 2bigproduction.com 2bigproduction.com
6. Lawnet Vietnam – Fines for UAV violations under Decree 144/2021 (Jan 28, 2023) lawnet.vn lawnet.vn
7. Dân Trí News – “Drones threaten flight safety at Tho Xuan Airport” (June 16, 2025) dtinews.dantri.com.vn dtinews.dantri.com.vn
8. Nhan Dan Online – “No-fly, restricted zones for unmanned aircraft announced” (June 15, 2025) en.nhandan.vn en.nhandan.vn