• Rare Meteor Shower Peaks: The September Epsilon Perseids meteor shower reaches its modest peak on the morning of Sept. 9 with a nominal rate of ~5 meteors/hour, though bright moonlight will likely limit visible “shooting stars” to only a few per hour in-the-sky.org. Best viewing is just before dawn when the Perseus constellation radiant is highest.
• Aurora Watch (High Latitudes): No major geomagnetic storm is forecast during Sept. 9–10 services.swpc.noaa.gov, but Northern Lights remain possible in high-latitude regions. Skywatchers in northern locales (e.g. Canada, Northern Europe) should monitor aurora alerts in case of any uptick in solar activity.
• Planets on Parade: Saturn shines all night (nearing its brightest of the year) and Jupiter rises around midnight, while brilliant Venus dominates the pre-dawn eastern sky. Mars and Mercury are largely out of view (Mars is very low at dusk; Mercury is lost in the sun’s glare) space.com space.com.
• Bright Moon & Eclipse Afterglow: The Moon is a waning gibbous (~3 days past full) on these nights, rising late evening and washing out faint stars/meteors in-the-sky.org. (This comes just after the spectacular total lunar eclipse on Sept. 7–8, visible across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia spaceweather.com.) A short window of truly dark sky exists in early evening before moonrise amsmeteors.org.
• Satellite Sightings (ISS & More): The International Space Station (ISS) and China’s Tiangong station are making visible flyovers for many locations this week. The ISS is the brightest man-made object in orbit – on favorable passes it can outshine Venus by ~2.5× space.com – appearing as a fast-moving star at dusk or dawn when sunlit against a dark sky nasa.gov. Tiangong, while smaller, can still reach Venus-like brightness on a good pass space.com. Also keep an eye out for any “satellite trains”: SpaceX launched 24 Starlink satellites on Sept. 6 space.com, and in the days following a launch they often line up like a string of bright pearls crossing the twilight sky space.com. (These formations are short-lived as the satellites disperse into higher orbits.)

Meteor Shower: September Epsilon Perseids

An annual meteor shower is gracing the early-September skies – albeit a minor one. The September Epsilon Perseids are active from about Sept. 5 to 21 in-the-sky.org as Earth drifts through debris left by an unidentified comet. This shower is not to be confused with August’s famous Perseids; the September Epsilon Perseids are much fainter and produce far fewer meteors space.com space.com. In 2025, peak activity is expected around 8 a.m. EDT (12:00 GMT) on Sept. 9 space.com in-the-sky.org. That timing means the best chances to see meteors come in the predawn hours of Sept. 9, though the mornings before and after could also yield a few shooting stars.

Under ideal dark-sky conditions with the radiant overhead, this shower might produce roughly 5 meteors per hour at peak (zenithal hourly rate ~5) in-the-sky.org. In practice, observers will likely catch at most 3–5 meteors per hour at the peak, and fewer on surrounding nights in-the-sky.org. The radiant – the point in the sky from which the meteors appear to streak – lies in the constellation Perseus, not far from the variable star Algol (the “Demon Star”). The radiant climbs higher as the night progresses; by late night and early morning it stands nearly overhead for mid-northern latitudes in-the-sky.org in-the-sky.org. This is why just before dawn is optimal for meteor spotting. However, meteors can appear at any time the radiant is above the horizon, even earlier in the night (in New York, Perseus is up within an hour after nightfall) space.com. If you’re out in the evening, you might glimpse an early Perseid earthgrazer skimming the atmosphere – but expect activity to ramp up late at night.

Moonlight is the big challenge for this 2025 display. The Moon turned full on Sept. 7 (the Harvest Moon for some locales) and on the 9th–10th it remains a bright waning gibbous. That means moonrise comes mid-to-late evening, flooding the sky with light through dawn. The American Meteor Society notes that as the week goes on, the Moon will rise later each night, giving at least “a small window of opportunity to view between the end of dusk and moonrise” before the lunar glare takes over amsmeteors.org. On Sept. 9–10, you might have a couple hours of moonless dark sky after nightfall – useful for spotting a few early meteors (and for general stargazing). Once the Moon is up, its silver glow will wash out fainter meteors, so only the brighter fireballs will stand out in-the-sky.org. To improve your odds: find the darkest sky possible (away from city lights), face away from the Moon (e.g. keep it at your back), and give your eyes ~30 minutes to adapt to the darkness. Seasoned observers suggest scanning a wide patch of sky ~40° off the radiant, rather than staring directly at Perseus space.com – meteors visible there tend to have longer trails. Even with the moonlight, a patient skywatcher in a dark area could still snag a few wish-worthy streaks of light in an hour or two of observing.

Fun fact: This minor shower’s parent comet is actually unknown – a reminder that there are still cometary debris streams awaiting full explanation space.com. The meteors we see are tiny dusty bits (often sand-grain sized) that burn up ~70–100 km above Earth in-the-sky.org. Each flash is a fragment of ancient comet rubble meeting a fiery demise in our atmosphere. Enjoy any meteors you catch; after this, the next notable meteor shower will be the Draconids in early October, followed by the Orionids later in October.

Auroras and Atmospheric Phenomena

Will the Northern Lights put on a show this week? The short answer: probably not far beyond the high latitudes, but it’s worth staying alert. We’re currently near the peak of the Sun’s 11-year activity cycle, so solar storms have been frequent in 2025. In fact, a strong CME (coronal mass ejection) triggered G2–G3 level geomagnetic storms in early September (around Labor Day) that brought auroras deep into the U.S. spaceweather.gov. However, for the specific nights of Sept. 9–10, forecasters do not anticipate any significant geomagnetic storm. According to NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center, “No G1 (Minor) or greater geomagnetic storms are expected” during this period, as no large solar wind disturbances are headed our way services.swpc.noaa.gov. The official 3-day outlook calls for at most unsettled conditions (Kp ~2–3) under normal solar wind, which typically means minimal auroras outside polar regions services.swpc.noaa.gov services.swpc.noaa.gov.

That said, auroras are notoriously fickle and can surprise us. Even without a headline-making solar storm, high-latitude areas – think northern Canada, Alaska, Iceland, Scandinavia, Siberia, and the far south of New Zealand/Tasmania for the Southern Lights – might see faint auroral glows or minor displays if a minor uptick in geomagnetic activity occurs. The University of Alaska’s Geophysical Institute forecast, for example, shows the planetary K-index hovering around Kp 4 (moderate) on Sept. 9 and 10 gi.alaska.edu. A Kp of 4 isn’t enough for a full-fledged storm, but it could produce auroras visible overhead in extreme northern locations (within the Arctic Circle or high 60s latitude), and possibly a low greenish hue on the horizon as far south as, say, the U.S.–Canada border. If skies are clear, moderate aurora displays may be visible overhead from locations such as northern Alaska or far-northern Canada, and may be visible low on the horizon farther south (at least for those with dark skies and an unobstructed northern view) gi.alaska.edu gi.alaska.edu.

For the majority of readers in mid-latitude regions, the odds of seeing the aurora borealis on these specific nights are slim unless an unexpected solar eruption occurs. Nevertheless, it’s a good practice for avid skywatchers to keep tabs on real-time aurora alerts. Space weather conditions can change rapidly if the Sun flares. You can monitor the NOAA aurora dashboard or apps/website trackers that show the oval of auroral activity. (Tip: NOAA’s 30-minute aurora forecast map and the Kp index are handy tools – Kp 5 or above is typically needed for auroras to dip into “lower 48” U.S. or central Europe latitudes.)

Importantly, we are nearing the autumnal equinox on Sept. 23, and interestingly, auroral activity often peaks around the equinoxes each year. Scientists refer to the Russell–McPherron effect to explain why auroras are more frequent around the fall and spring equinoxes earthsky.org. Essentially, due to the geomagnetic geometry of Earth’s tilt, the solar wind’s magnetic field can more easily breach our magnetic defenses around equinox times, opening cracks that let in energetic particles earthsky.org earthsky.org. In practical terms, late September is historically a prime time for Northern Lights. So even if Sept. 9–10 are quiet, don’t be surprised if a geomagnetic surprise arrives later in the month. Keep those alerts on and be ready to dash outside if the aurora oval expands – the lights can appear as faint milky white or greenish clouds at first, possibly growing into rippling green curtains or even bursts of pink and purple if a stronger storm materializes.

Aside from auroras, airglow (a diffuse glow of the upper atmosphere) and noctilucent clouds (the elusive electric-blue clouds visible deep in the summer twilight) are other atmospheric phenomena that skywatchers sometimes notice. However, noctilucent cloud season in the Northern Hemisphere essentially ends by August, so they’re unlikely in September. Airglow is always present at some level but only noticeable from very dark sites (and was made dramatically visible during the Sept. 7–8 lunar eclipse totality spaceweather.com). So, for these nights, the main atmospheric light show to hope for is the aurora. If you’re in a high-latitude area, it doesn’t hurt to check the aurora oval and Kp index before bedtime – you might just catch the sky’s subtle green dance.

Planets and the Moon: September’s Celestial Lineup

The bright planets are putting on a fine show across the September sky, offering easy targets for naked eyes and small telescopes. Here’s what to look for on the nights of Sept. 9–10:

• Saturn – The ringed planet is currently at its best. It rises around sunset and stays visible all night, situated near the border of Capricornus/Aquarius (low in the east at dusk, soaring higher in the south by midnight). Saturn is approaching opposition on Sept. 21, when it will be closest to Earth for the year space.com. Already this week it shines at about magnitude +0.6 – bright enough to spot with the naked eye as a steady, yellowish “star.” If you saw the almost-full Moon near Saturn on Sept. 8 (they had a lovely conjunction about 5.5° apart space.com), you can use that memory to identify Saturn now – it’s the lone bright point in that region of sky. By Sept. 9–10 the Moon has moved on, but Saturn remains easy to find by around 9 p.m. local time, rising in the east. In a telescope, Saturn’s famous rings are nearly edge-on this year (tilted only ~1.5–2.5° from edge-on around opposition) space.com. This means the rings look like a thin line of light on each side of Saturn’s disk. They don’t show as broad and bright as a few years ago, but you can still discern them and even catch a glimpse of Saturn’s largest moon Titan (8th-magnitude) in a backyard scope. Saturn’s extended family of moons and the delicate ring divisions require more aperture to see well. Nonetheless, for casual observers, just noting Saturn’s golden hue with unaided eyes or binoculars – and knowing you’re looking at a planet ~800 million miles away – is a thrill.
• Jupiter – King of the planets, Jupiter is not far behind Saturn in putting on a show. It currently rises shortly after midnight and by the pre-dawn hours it dominates the western sky (for evening observers, it will come up in the east a little later each night – by month’s end it’ll rise before 10 p.m.). Jupiter is brilliant white, magnitude –2.1 now space.com, outshining even the brightest stars. If you stay up late (or wake up very early), you’ll see Jupiter high in the south before morning twilight, a welcome beacon as Venus and the Moon hug the horizon. Even with steady binoculars or a small telescope, you can resolve Jupiter’s disk and often spot its four big Galilean moons – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto – which look like tiny star-dots lined up near the planet. All four moons are visible in the smallest telescopes, appearing in different configurations each night as they orbit. Keep an eye out for any unusual sights: occasionally you might witness one of Jupiter’s moons casting a tiny black shadow transit on the Jovian cloudtops, or see the Great Red Spot if Earth-facing. While no special conjunctions occur on the 9th–10th, note that next week the crescent Moon will join Jupiter (in the predawn sky on Sept. 16, the Moon, Jupiter, and the twin stars Castor and Pollux in Gemini make a pretty grouping space.com).
• Venus – After spending much of the summer out of view (passing between Earth and Sun), Venus has returned as a morning star and is dazzling in the east before sunrise. In early September, Venus rises about 2.5–3 hours before the Sun for mid-northern latitudes space.com. By 4–5 a.m. local time, you’ll see this planet blazing brilliant white (magnitude –3.9) low on the east-northeast horizon space.com. There’s no mistaking Venus – it is by far the brightest point of light in the pre-dawn sky. On Sept. 9–10, Venus is climbing higher each morning in the constellation Leo. It still appears as a gibbous disk in a telescope (Venus shows phases like the Moon; right now it’s past its large crescent phase and shrinking in size as it swings further from Earth). While it’s currently featureless in telescopes (just a bright white orb), Venus is a gorgeous sight to the eye. Try looking about 90 minutes before sunrise when it’s higher and set against a darker sky. Pro tip: if you have binoculars, scan about 10° or so around Venus – sometimes you can spot the Beehive star cluster or Regulus nearby. In fact, later in the month (Sept. 19) Venus will have a spectacular close conjunction with the waning crescent Moon and the bright star Regulus at dawn space.com – something to mark on your calendar. During Sept. 9–10, enjoy Venus’s solitary splendor; it’s a wonderful “morning beacon” for early risers.
• Mars – The red planet is now very difficult to observe, essentially on its way out of the evening sky. Mars has been fading and shrinking for months since its last opposition in 2022, and by Sept. 2025 it’s far on the other side of the Sun from us. Throughout September, Mars hugs the horizon at dusk, getting lost in evening twilight. It “officially” sets before the sky is even fully dark space.com. Around Sept. 9–10, if you have very clear west-southwestern horizons and know exactly where to look, you might attempt to spot Mars (~1.7 magnitude, so relatively faint now) about 30–45 minutes after sunset, extremely low and amidst bright skyglow. Realistically, this is only for the challenge-seekers; for most casual observers Mars will be invisible, swamped by the Sun’s glare. (Mars is about to reach conjunction on the far side of the Sun in mid-November, after which it will transition into the morning sky by early next year.) One upcoming sight: around Sept. 12, Mars will drift just a couple of degrees from the star Spica (Virgo’s brightest star) – but again, both will be very low at dusk, likely requiring binoculars and clear skies to detect space.com. By end of September, Mars will essentially disappear into the sunset. We’ll have to wait until winter for Mars to re-emerge in the pre-dawn sky. So if you’re a die-hard Mars fan, Sept. 9–10 is basically a farewell glance opportunity – check about 40 minutes after sunset, just above the west-southwest horizon, and you might catch a very faint reddish point (binoculars help). Don’t be surprised if you fail; Mars is truly at the edge of visibility now.
• Mercury – Unfortunately, Mercury is not observable during this period for most of the world. The innermost planet is transitioning from a morning apparition to an evening one. It reaches superior conjunction (behind the Sun) on Sept. 13 space.com. All month it stays buried in the Sun’s glare – “hopelessly low” for mid-northern observers throughout September space.com. In early September Mercury was technically in the morning sky, but rising only a bit before the Sun; by mid-month it passes behind the Sun and by late month it will begin appearing in the evening twilight (with a much better evening showing coming in October). If you live in the tropics or Southern Hemisphere, you might have a slim chance to glimpse Mercury very low at dusk during the final week of September, but on Sept. 9–10 specifically, it’s essentially unseeable. Save your energy for Mercury’s next favorable apparition.

The Moon: As mentioned, these nights feature a waning gibbous Moon. On Sept. 9 the Moon is ~85% illuminated, rising in mid-evening; on Sept. 10 it’s about 75% lit, rising a bit later. The Moon is in Pisces on these dates in-the-sky.org, drifting farther from Saturn each night after their Sept. 8 close approach. While the Moon’s bright presence is a hindrance for deep-sky viewing and meteor spotting, it’s still a lovely celestial object in its own right. If you have a telescope or even good binoculars, take a look at the lunar surface – the terminator (shadow line) will be crossing interesting terrain on those nights. In the predawn hours of Sept. 10, for example, the Moon will be approaching last quarter and features like the Apennine Mountains and Crater Eratosthenes might be casting long shadows at the terminator. And of course, one can appreciate the moonlight itself – a moonlit night can be beautiful for casual strollers or photographers, even if it’s not ideal for faint stargazing. Just remember that moonlight will reduce sky contrast significantly, so save any serious Milky Way observing for a later date when the Moon is out of the way. The next new Moon is Sept. 21, which will restore truly dark nights (and coincidentally will bring a partial solar eclipse on Sept. 22 visible from parts of the southern hemisphere – outside our current 9–10 Sept window, but worth noting for eclipse chasers).

ISS, Satellites and “Sky Traffic” Highlights

Human-made objects are also part of the night sky show! Satellites cruise silently overhead every night, and if you know when to look, you can spot some pretty interesting ones. During the evenings of Sept. 9–10, two of the brightest artificial satellites – the International Space Station and China’s Tiangong space station – have favorable passes for many observers around the world.

International Space Station (ISS): The ISS orbits ~420 km above Earth and is massive (about a football field in size). It is by far the brightest satellite we can see, thanks to its large reflective solar panels space.com space.com. On a good pass, the ISS typically appears as a fast-moving, steady white “star” sliding across the sky over several minutes. It doesn’t blink (unlike airplanes) and moves much faster than a high-flying jet. When overhead, it can even rival Venus in brilliance – in fact, on some passes the ISS can reach magnitude –7 to –8 (briefly flaring when sun glints off its panels), which is up to 19 times brighter than Venus space.com. During ordinary passes it’s often around mag –3 to –4, still outshining all stars. All sightings occur either in the hour or two after sunset or before sunrise, when the station is sunlit against a dark sky nasa.gov. For Sept. 9–10, the exact viewing times depend on your location; many places in North America and Europe have ISS flyovers in the early evening this week, while other regions might catch it in the pre-dawn. For example, (hypothetically) the ISS might be visible over the U.S. Midwest around 8–9 pm local time, and over parts of Europe a bit later in the evening. To find if/when it passes above you, use a tracker like NASA’s Spot the Station service or apps like Heavens-Above – just enter your city to get upcoming sighting times. As NASA explains, “All ISS sightings will occur within a few hours before or after sunrise or sunset… as the Sun reflects off the station and contrasts against the darker sky.” nasa.gov If you do spot the ISS, give it a wave – there are currently usually 7 astronauts on board conducting science experiments as they circle the Earth 16 times a day!

Tiangong (China’s Space Station): Tiangong is a newer addition to the sky. Operational since 2021–2022, it’s smaller than the ISS (about 1/5th the mass) but still quite bright. Tiangong orbits at ~340–380 km altitude with an inclination of 41.5°, meaning it doesn’t go as far north or south as the ISS (it’s visible roughly up to 60°N/S latitude) iss-tracker.com. If Tiangong flies over your area, it appears similar to the ISS albeit usually a bit dimmer and faster-moving (since it’s lower). At its best, Tiangong can reach about magnitude –4, essentially as bright as Venus space.com. More commonly, it might be around mag –1 to –2 on a typical pass (comparable to Jupiter). Still, that’s bright enough to see easily with the naked eye if you know where to look. The neat opportunity is that sometimes the ISS and Tiangong can be spotted back-to-back in the sky. In fact, earlier this summer, skywatchers in parts of Europe and North America were able to see both stations in the sky at once during certain dawn passes space.com. For Sept. 9–10, check a satellite tracker for Tiangong’s passes – for example, on Sept. 10, some U.S. East Coast locations had an evening Tiangong pass around 8:40 pm local time astroviewer.net. Seeing two space stations in one night is a modern thrill and really drives home how active low-Earth orbit has become. If you do catch Tiangong, remember it currently hosts a crew of three Chinese taikonauts.

Other Satellites & “Trains”: The sky is crawling with satellites – literally tens of thousands of them. If you step outside after dusk and gaze patiently, odds are within a few minutes you’ll catch one silently sliding by space.com. Most are faint, but dozens are naked-eye visible. In particular, SpaceX Starlink satellites have added many new moving lights to our skies. When SpaceX launches a new batch of Starlink internet satellites, they initially stick together in a tight cluster or line. This creates the striking phenomenon often called a “Starlink satellite train.” In the days immediately after launch, these satellites appear as a sequence of evenly spaced bright dots – sometimes 20 or more in a row – moving across the twilight sky. It’s such an unusual sight that unsuspecting observers have mistaken it for an alien armada! space.com If you’ve never seen a Starlink train, it’s worth checking out – though timing is crucial, since the train disperses after a few days. Just this week, on Sept. 6, SpaceX launched 24 new Starlink satellites from California space.com. By the nights of Sept. 9–10, that group (Starlink Group 17-2) will have been in orbit for 3–4 days. They will have begun spreading out, but could still be relatively close together depending on orbital phasing. Look for reports online or use a tracker like Heavens-Above (which can show Starlink positions) to see if a noticeable “chain” of satellites is predicted to pass overhead at your location. Typically, these are visible shortly after sunset. For example, a Starlink train might appear as a string of 20 fast-moving lights following the same path. They usually take a few minutes to cross the sky. Note that as they climb to their higher operational orbits (~550 km up), they rapidly dim and spread out space.com – so the spectacle doesn’t last long. Catch it while you can! (And if you miss it, don’t worry – SpaceX launches Starlinks frequently, so there will be more chances.)

Apart from Starlinks, you might also spot older satellite flares. The classic Iridium satellites that produced dramatic flares are mostly gone, but other satellites occasionally flare when their panels catch the Sun. One example is Envisat, which can flare to negative magnitudes, or the NOSS triplets which sometimes appear as multiple close satellites moving in formation. There are also countless pieces of “space junk” – rocket bodies, defunct satellites – that are large enough to be seen gliding overhead in reflected sunlight space.com. While these aren’t predictable for casual viewing, it’s a reminder that the night sky these days isn’t only stars and planets – it’s also becoming a busy highway of human technology. According to US Space Command, over 30,000 tracked objects orbit Earth (and millions of smaller debris pieces) space.com, so it’s no surprise many night owls see mystery “moving stars” regularly now.

How to Track and Watch: To maximize your satellite-spotting fun on Sept. 9–10, consider using online tools. The Heavens-Above website (or app) is excellent: input your location and it will list all visible satellite passes for your area, including the ISS, Tiangong, Starlinks, etc. NASA’s Spot The Station site (spotthestation.nasa.gov) focuses on ISS but is very user-friendly – you can even sign up for ISS flyover alerts. Another great resource is N2YO.com, which provides real-time satellite tracking on a map (Space.com hosts a “Satellite Tracker” powered by N2YO as well space.com). Remember that satellite visibility depends on being in sunlight while you are in darkness. Thus, most satellites are seen in the evening shortly after sunset or in the morning before sunrise – the satellite rises out of Earth’s shadow into sunlight, or vice versa, causing it to suddenly appear or disappear. For instance, you might see the ISS materialize in mid-sky as it comes out of Earth’s shadow, then travel across and fade out as it enters shadow again. Check the appearance/disappearance coordinates given in predictions (e.g. “appears 10° above NW horizon, disappears at 20° ESE”). A comfortable reclining chair, a clear view of the sky, and a bit of patience are all you need. It can be a fun activity with kids to count how many satellites you spot in, say, an hour of sky watching.

One more note: be mindful of light pollution. In bright city skies you’ll only see the very brightest satellites (like ISS, Tiangong, or a close Starlink train). Under rural dark skies, you can catch fainter ones too. If you have binoculars, scanning the sky around the time a satellite pass is due can help pick it up if it’s faint.

Final Thoughts

The nights of September 9–10, 2025 offer a little bit of everything for sky enthusiasts. While there’s no single “major” event like a big eclipse or a prolific meteor storm in this two-day span, the cumulative celestial showcase is well worth a look. In the span of an evening or two, you can: watch a dusty meteor skim into oblivion, marvel at planets millions or even billions of miles away, bask in bright moonlight (perhaps recalling the recent eclipse that turned that Moon red a few nights ago), and even wave at human outposts orbiting above. It’s a great reminder that the night sky is dynamic – there’s always something happening if you know when and where to look.

To recap the highlights: set your alarm pre-dawn on Sept. 9 if you want to try for a few meteors from the epsilon Perseids (and bring some patience, as they are sparse!). In the evenings, enjoy a brilliant Saturn rising at dusk, and later at night catch Jupiter climbing into view. If you have clear weather up north, keep an eye out for any subtle green wisps of aurora low on the horizon – unlikely, but not impossible. Don’t forget to check for ISS passes after dinner; even a 1-minute ISS sighting is a thrill if you’ve never seen it. And early risers on Sept. 10 will be rewarded with the stunning sight of Venus blazing in the east, perhaps accompanied by a bright star or two in the dawn.

As always, clear skies are the key ingredient. If clouds foil your plans on one night, try the next. The beauty of covering two nights is you have a bit of a window – and many of the phenomena (planets, ISS, even the meteor shower) will be similar on both nights. The universe doesn’t adhere to our calendar, but we can take slice-of-time snapshots like this to appreciate its ongoing show. Happy skywatching – and don’t forget to share what you see! Whether it’s a quick smartphone photo of Jupiter next to the Moon, or just a mental snapshot of a meteor streak, experiencing these sights connects us to the broader cosmos. Keep looking up – the sky has plenty of wonder on offer this week.

Sources: Credible astronomy sources and experts have informed this report, including Space.com’s skywatching guides space.com space.com, the American Meteor Society and In-The-Sky.org for meteor shower forecasts in-the-sky.org, NASA/NOAA space weather alerts services.swpc.noaa.gov, and EarthSky’s insights on aurora season earthsky.org. Live tracking resources like NASA’s Spot The Station and the Geophysical Institute’s aurora forecast were used to pinpoint satellite and aurora visibility nasa.gov gi.alaska.edu. All event details are based on verified forecasts and astronomical data as of this writing. Enjoy the show!