Author: Marcin Frąckiewicz

Ukraine’s telecommunications sector has undergone a dramatic transformation from 2020 through 2024, marked by rapid digitalization, infrastructure upgrades, and unprecedented challenges from war. Despite setbacks, the industry has shown remarkable resilience and innovation. This report examines the key developments shaping Ukraine’s “telecom revolution” and provides a strategic outlook for 2025 and beyond, covering everything from…
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Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly intertwined with modern space technology, enabling spacecraft and satellites to operate more autonomously and efficiently than ever before. From helping Mars rovers navigate alien terrain to processing vast streams of Earth observation data in orbit, AI techniques like machine learning and automated planning are revolutionizing how we explore and…
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Overview: Types of Infrastructure Targeted Ukraine’s telecommunications network encompasses a wide range of critical infrastructure that has come under attack since 2022. These include: Together, these attacks have aimed to sever Ukraine’s connectivity – both civilian communications and military command links – by dismantling the physical pillars of the internet, phone, and broadcast systems. The…
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Company History and Founding SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corp.) was founded by entrepreneur Elon Musk in 2002. Musk invested $100 million of his own money (from his PayPal sale) to start the company, driven by a vision of dramatically reducing space launch costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. The initial motivation came after Musk’s…
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Starlink, SpaceX’s satellite internet network, has rapidly expanded coverage worldwide since its beta launch in 2020. As of mid-2025, Starlink service is available in over 110 countries and territories, with more on the way idemest.com. Below is an up-to-date regional breakdown of Starlink availability – including countries with full commercial service, those in beta or…
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Definition and Basic Principles Satellite imagery refers to images of Earth (or other planets) collected by orbiting satellites. These images are a form of remote sensing, meaning the data are acquired from a distance without direct contact. Satellites carry sensors that detect electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from the Earth’s surface. Most imaging satellites use passive sensors that rely…
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Satellite Phone Basics What is a satellite phone? A satellite phone (or satphone) is a mobile phone that connects directly to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell towers. This means it can place calls and send messages from almost anywhere on Earth, especially in regions without cellular coverage. Like a regular cell phone, a satphone supports voice calling…
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General Overview SpaceX has launched thousands of Starlink satellites (over 6,750 in orbit by 2025) to form the world’s largest satellite constellation and provide global internet coverage phys.org. Q: What is Starlink?A: Starlink is a satellite-based broadband internet service operated by SpaceX. It uses a constellation of small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) to beam internet connectivity…
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Introduction to Satellite Internet Q: What is satellite internet?A: Satellite internet is a form of wireless internet access delivered via satellites orbiting the Earth. Unlike cable or DSL, which transmit data through underground wires, satellite internet beams data from ground stations to satellites in space and then down to a dish at the user’s location satelliteinternet.com. This…
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Satellites are objects that orbit a larger body, like Earth or another planet spaceplace.nasa.gov. They play many roles in modern life, from beaming TV signals and providing internet/phone connections to monitoring weather and enabling GPS navigation spaceplace.nasa.gov spaceplace.nasa.gov. Below is an extensive FAQ, grouped by topic, answering common questions about satellites and related technologies in…
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