Author: Marcin Frąckiewicz

Djibouti has emerged as a critical connectivity hub at the crossroads of Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Its fiber-optic infrastructure is anchored by numerous submarine cables landing on its Red Sea coast – Djibouti hosts roughly 10–12 international undersea cables african.business techpoint.africa. These high-capacity links (e.g. SMW3, EIG, SEA-ME-WE-5/6, AAE-1, EASSy, WIOCC, Yemeni cable,…
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HTS Technology Overview High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) are spaceborne relays designed to deliver dramatically higher data rates than traditional wide-beam satellites. They achieve this through numerous narrow spot-beams and advanced on-board processing, allowing aggressive frequency reuse. In practice, an HTS can deliver multiple times the throughput of a legacy FSS satellite using the same spectrum assets.publishing.service.gov.uk.…
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Overview of Internet Infrastructure in Czechia Czechia boasts a highly penetrated and diversified internet infrastructure, with about 91.6% of its population online as of 2023 datareportal.com. This translates to roughly 9.6 million internet users in a country of 10.5 million. Fixed broadband connections reached 4.1 million in 2023 ctu.gov.cz, meaning roughly 38–40 subscriptions per 100…
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Executive Summary In summary, the 2025–2032 period will likely be remembered as the “gold rush” era for small satellite launch services, marked by fierce competition, rapidly advancing technology, and multiplying launch opportunities worldwide. For stakeholders – whether satellite operators planning constellations, investors evaluating launch companies, or government agencies seeking assured access to space – the…
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Overview of Internet Infrastructure in Cyprus Cyprus has developed a robust internet infrastructure combining fixed broadband networks and mobile data services. On the fixed side, DSL (digital subscriber line) over traditional telephone lines remains widely used, historically accounting for about two-thirds of broadband connections globenewswire.com. In recent years, the country has been rapidly upgrading to…
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The second space race is here – not for the Moon, but for low Earth orbit (LEO). A global “LEO gold rush” is underway as companies and governments deploy megaconstellations of satellites promising broadband internet everywhere, connecting billions of devices, powering next-gen military networks, and imaging the entire planet daily. This comprehensive report examines the…
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Denmark in 2025 stands as one of the world’s most digitally connected countries, with near-universal internet access and high performance networks spanning from urban centers to rural villages. Thanks to extensive investments in broadband infrastructure and progressive digital policies, virtually every household can get high-speed connectivity techblog.comsoc.org trade.gov. Danish consumers enjoy some of the fastest…
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Overview: The global satellite communications (satcom) industry is entering a decade of explosive growth and transformation. In 2024, the overall space economy reached $415 billion, with commercial satellite activities (like communications and broadcasting) dominating about $293 billion (71%) of that total ts2.tech. The number of active satellites in orbit has surged from ~3,300 in 2020…
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The Sun is our life-giving star – a 4.6-billion-year-old solar inferno that governs Earth’s climate and space environment. Understanding the Sun is not only vital for fundamental science, but also for protecting modern technology and astronauts from space weather (solar storms that can disrupt satellites and power grids) nasa.gov nasa.gov. Yet many solar mysteries endure,…
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Historical Overview of Internet Development in Cuba Cuba was relatively late to join the global internet. The first internet connection on the island was established in 1996 – a modest 64 Kbps link via Sprint in the United States en.wikipedia.org. Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, expansion of internet access stagnated due to a…
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