Reports

Executive Summary In summary, the 2025–2032 period will likely be remembered as the “gold rush” era for small satellite launch services, marked by fierce competition, rapidly advancing technology, and multiplying launch opportunities worldwide. For stakeholders – whether satellite operators planning constellations, investors evaluating launch companies, or government agencies seeking assured access to space – the…
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Overview of Internet Infrastructure in Cyprus Cyprus has developed a robust internet infrastructure combining fixed broadband networks and mobile data services. On the fixed side, DSL (digital subscriber line) over traditional telephone lines remains widely used, historically accounting for about two-thirds of broadband connections globenewswire.com. In recent years, the country has been rapidly upgrading to…
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The second space race is here – not for the Moon, but for low Earth orbit (LEO). A global “LEO gold rush” is underway as companies and governments deploy megaconstellations of satellites promising broadband internet everywhere, connecting billions of devices, powering next-gen military networks, and imaging the entire planet daily. This comprehensive report examines the…
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Denmark in 2025 stands as one of the world’s most digitally connected countries, with near-universal internet access and high performance networks spanning from urban centers to rural villages. Thanks to extensive investments in broadband infrastructure and progressive digital policies, virtually every household can get high-speed connectivity techblog.comsoc.org trade.gov. Danish consumers enjoy some of the fastest…
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Overview: The global satellite communications (satcom) industry is entering a decade of explosive growth and transformation. In 2024, the overall space economy reached $415 billion, with commercial satellite activities (like communications and broadcasting) dominating about $293 billion (71%) of that total ts2.tech. The number of active satellites in orbit has surged from ~3,300 in 2020…
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The Sun is our life-giving star – a 4.6-billion-year-old solar inferno that governs Earth’s climate and space environment. Understanding the Sun is not only vital for fundamental science, but also for protecting modern technology and astronauts from space weather (solar storms that can disrupt satellites and power grids) nasa.gov nasa.gov. Yet many solar mysteries endure,…
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Historical Overview of Internet Development in Cuba Cuba was relatively late to join the global internet. The first internet connection on the island was established in 1996 – a modest 64 Kbps link via Sprint in the United States en.wikipedia.org. Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, expansion of internet access stagnated due to a…
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Space weather refers to variations in the space environment between the Sun and Earth that can affect technological systems both in orbit and on the ground swpc.noaa.gov. It is generated by solar phenomena—particularly solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high-speed solar wind streams, and solar energetic particle events—that release bursts of radiation and charged particles…
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Company History and Founding SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corp.) was founded by entrepreneur Elon Musk in 2002. Musk invested $100 million of his own money (from his PayPal sale) to start the company, driven by a vision of dramatically reducing space launch costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. The initial motivation came after Musk’s…
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Overview of Croatia’s Internet Infrastructure (Urban vs. Rural) Croatia’s internet infrastructure has made significant progress but still shows a gap between urban and rural areas. As of 2022, about 77% of the population are regular internet users (97% among youth) trade.gov. In cities and towns, residents typically enjoy fast broadband (86% of households have access…
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