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Earth Science News 25 June 2025 - 12 November 2025

Science Breakthroughs That Rocked July 21–22, 2025. News Roundup.

Science Today — Nov. 12, 2025: Severe Auroras Sweep the Globe, Blue Origin Targets New Glenn Launch, Webb Spots Organic “Life Seeds” Beyond the Milky Way, Three Earth‑Size Worlds Found in a Two‑Sun System, Enceladus’ Ocean Looks Long‑Lived, and Earth’s Hidden Geology Fuels Ocean Volcanoes

Roundup of the biggest science stories breaking on November 12, 2025. From a rare G4 geomagnetic storm lighting up the skies to fresh clues about life-friendly chemistry and planetary formation, here’s what matters — and why. At a glance 1) A rare G4 geomagnetic storm paints the skies — and could return tonight The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center reports that G4 (Severe)geomagnetic storm levels were reached at 01:20 UTC on Nov. 12. Forecasters say CME (coronal mass ejection) impacts are ongoing, and G1–G4 conditions are possible through the night, meaning another widespread aurora display remains on the table. 
12 November 2025
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Earth’s Magnetic Field Today (Nov. 11, 2025): Equatorial Polarity Twist, South Atlantic Anomaly Expands, and NOAA Issues G2–G3 Geomagnetic Storm Watches

Earth’s Magnetic Field Stuns Researchers: Equator’s Polarity Flips as South Atlantic Weak Spot Expands

New satellite data overturns a decades‑old assumption about the magnetosphere’s electric polarity, while ESA’s Swarm mission maps a fast‑changing weak region over the South Atlantic that matters for satellites—not people. Published: November 12, 2025 The big picture Two complementary breakthroughs are reshaping scientists’ view of near‑Earth space: A surprising flip near Earth’s equator For decades, textbooks described a dawn‑to‑dusk electric field threading the magnetosphere, with the “morning side” positively charged and the “evening side” negative. A team from Kyoto, Nagoya and Kyushu Universities has now shown the opposite near the equator: morning is negative, evening is positive (the poles still
12 November 2025
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Earth’s Magnetic Field Today (Nov. 11, 2025): Equatorial Polarity Twist, South Atlantic Anomaly Expands, and NOAA Issues G2–G3 Geomagnetic Storm Watches

Earth’s Magnetic Field Today (Nov. 11, 2025): Equatorial Polarity Twist, South Atlantic Anomaly Expands, and NOAA Issues G2–G3 Geomagnetic Storm Watches

Updated: November 11, 2025 Key points What’s new today Geomagnetic storm watches (Nov. 11–13): The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says several coronal mass ejections are expected to begin arriving later today, prompting watches for G2 (Moderate) on Nov. 11, G3 (Strong) on Nov. 12, and G1 (Minor) on Nov. 13. Forecast uncertainty remains because of how the CMEs may interact en route, but storm‑time impacts can include stronger auroras, intermittent HF radio issues, and navigation disturbances. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Fresh research spotlighting a growing weak spot: A new study synthesizing 11 years of ESA’s Swarm
11 November 2025
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Brain‑Melting Discovery: Why July 9’s Record‑Breaking Earth Spin Could Crash Your Clock—and What Experts Are Doing About It

Brain‑Melting Discovery: Why July 9’s Record‑Breaking Earth Spin Could Crash Your Clock—and What Experts Are Doing About It

On July 9, 2025, Earth’s length of day was predicted to be −1.30 ms, the fastest day of 2025 and close to 2024’s all‑time −1.66 ms. A 1 millisecond timing error can yield GPS position errors of hundreds of meters and disrupt high‑frequency trading algorithms. Leading explanations for the spin‑up include an unusual Moon alignment, deep core fluid motions, and mass redistribution from melting ice. Future ultra‑short days are forecast for July 22 and August 5, 2025. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service may introduce the first negative leap second as early as 2029. More than 450 cesium
10 July 2025
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Sky on Fire Tonight: Giant ‘Solar Canyon’ Aims 800‑km/s Wind at Earth—Northern Lights Could Ignite 15 U.S. States & Test Global Tech

Sky on Fire Tonight: Giant ‘Solar Canyon’ Aims 800‑km/s Wind at Earth—Northern Lights Could Ignite 15 U.S. States & Test Global Tech

NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center issued a G2 (moderate) geomagnetic‑storm watch for the night of 25 June 2025. A negative-polarity coronal hole crossing the Sun’s central meridian is releasing plasma at roughly 500–800 km/s toward Earth. The fast solar wind could drive auroras as far south as Colorado, New York and Oregon and briefly disturb power grids, satellites and GPS. Peer‑reviewed modeling in Nature Scientific Reports shows high-speed streams routinely trigger medium geomagnetic storms that can inject more energy into near‑Earth space than rarer CMEs over a solar cycle. A compressed co-rotating interaction region at the leading edge combined with
25 June 2025
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