The European Union finalized the AI Act in 2024, with full applicability by 2026, classifying AI by risk and requiring high-risk systems to include transparency, human oversight, and clear labeling for AI-generated content including deepfakes. China enacted the Interim Measures for Generative AI Services in August 2023, requiring provider registration, alignment with core socialist values,…
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As of early 2024, about 26% of Eritrea’s 3.7 million people were internet users. Eritrea is the only coastal African nation with zero submarine fiber-optic cable landings. The telecom sector is entirely state-owned and monopolized by Eritrean Telecommunication Services Corporation (EriTel), with no private ISPs or competing mobile operators. Public mobile data is essentially unavailable;…
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In 2020, Ukraine planned a commercial 5G spectrum auction for end-2021, but the tender was delayed and regulators cut mobile termination rates from ₴0.12 to ₴0.08 per minute in October 2020 as they focused on 4G. In June 2021, Datagroup completed its acquisition of Volia, creating a combined fiber backbone with over 4 million fiber-connected…
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In May 1999, NASA’s Deep Space 1 operated for three days with the Remote Agent AI, planning activities and diagnosing simulated faults autonomously. From 2001 to 2004, NASA’s EO-1 carried the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), using onboard machine learning and the CASPER planner to re-task after events like volcanic eruptions. In 2013, JAXA’s Epsilon rocket…
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Equatorial Guinea is described as a digital desert due to the internet’s high cost, slow speeds, and limited availability. Internet access began in 1997 via a France-backed connection, and by 2010 only about 2% of the population were internet users. GETESA, the state-dominated operator, held about 60% ownership with Orange S.A. around 40%, and controlled…
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From 2025 to 2030, ground control shifts from hardware-centric architectures to cloud-enabled, software-defined infrastructure via Ground-Station-as-a-Service (GSaaS). The global satellite ground station market is projected to grow from about $56 billion in 2022 to $125 billion by 2030. AWS Ground Station and Microsoft Azure Orbital provide pay-per-use, cloud-connected antennas that deliver downlinks directly into cloud…
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The global satellite bus market is projected to rise from $14.1 billion in 2023 to $23.4 billion by 2033, a CAGR of about 5.4%. Lockheed Martin is developing the LM-2100 modular bus with upgradeable components, while Northrop Grumman, Boeing, Airbus, and Thales Alenia Space remain leaders in GEO and military programs. SpaceX has mass-produced Starlink…
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The global maritime VSAT and L-band services market is forecast to reach about $12.4 billion by 2032, with a roughly 8.5% CAGR from 2024 to 2032. In 2024, VSAT-based connectivity accounted for about 77% of maritime satcom revenue, while L-band MSS accounted for about 23%. The maritime VSAT market is projected to grow from about…
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In June 2024, Timor-Leste landed the TLSSC submarine cable, about 607 km to Australia with 27 Tbps capacity, built by Alcatel Submarine Networks, connecting Dili to Australia’s NWCS via Darwin and Port Hedland. Starlink launched in Timor-Leste in December 2024, becoming the 116th country with Starlink coverage and achieving nationwide signal by December 13, 2024.…
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Euroconsult projects the number of IFC-equipped aircraft worldwide will grow from about 9,900 in 2021 to over 21,000 by 2030. SpaceX Starlink, an LEO system with more than 4,000 satellites by 2024, has contracts to equip over 2,000 aircraft by early 2025 and can deliver up to 350 Mbps per aircraft with installation times of…
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