BlackBox

In May 2024, Anthropic disclosed a fundamental breakthrough mapping millions of human-interpretable concepts inside its Claude large language model, offering the first detailed inside look at a modern AI. The European Union’s AI Act took effect in 2024, requiring high-risk AI systems to be transparent and explainable, with penalties up to €30 million or 6% of global turnover for violations. A real-world case saw an insurance company’s fraud-detection AI flag loyal customers as fraudsters, creating a “customer relations nightmare” until the model’s flaws were discovered. In 2019, the Apple Card algorithm sparked a gender-bias controversy when women were offered significantly