CNSA

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) was established in 1993 as China’s civil space authority. By the end of 2024, China operated more than 1,060 active satellites in orbit, a count that has grown more than six-fold since 2015. Chang’e-4 achieved the first landing on the Moon’s far side in 2019. Micius (Mozi), launched in 2016, became the world’s first quantum communications satellite enabling space-based quantum key distribution. BeiDou reached full global coverage with the final BDS-3 satellite launched in June 2020. The Guowang LEO megaconstellation targets about 13,000 satellites, with three batches launched by April 2025 and an initial