The Pentagon aims to field a software-defined, multi-layer Enterprise SATCOM network that seamlessly routes data across DoD, allied, and commercial satellites in LEO, MEO, and GEO to support Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2). In 2020 the Space Force and DoD CIO committed to the shift, with the SDA launching the National Defense Space Architecture…
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Jamaica’s internet penetration is about 83–85%, with 2.37 million internet users in January 2025, representing 83.4% of the population online. Rural areas show roughly 77% internet usage compared with about 87% in urban centers, highlighting an urban–rural digital divide. Median mobile data speed is about 29–30 Mbps, while median fixed broadband speed is around 60–80…
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Telkom/Openserve is phasing out copper as fixed broadband shifts to fiber, with end-2024 ADSL subscribers under 36,000, down from a peak of over 1 million in 2015. FTTH subscriptions rose from 1.49 million in 2023 to 2.47 million in 2024, driven by aggressive rollouts from Telkom/Openserve, Vumatel, and other operators. Over 69% of internet users…
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Syria has conducted annual nationwide internet shutdowns on high school exam days since 2016, with 2020–2025 patterns showing daily outages of roughly 3.5 to 5.5 hours during exam periods. Syria’s shutdowns use an asymmetric model that allows outbound traffic but blocks inbound responses, making the internet effectively unusable. In Syria, the 2023 exam season produced…
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Kwangmyong is North Korea’s national intranet launched in the early 2000s, a closed network that provides email, websites, and digital resources only within North Korea to isolate citizens from the global Internet. <li North Korea’s first internal email service, Sili Bank, was established in 2001 to enable internal electronic correspondence on Kwangmyong. The first intranet…
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In June 2024, a team led by Japan’s NICT and Aston University achieved 402 Tbps over a single standard optical fiber using six wavelength bands (O, E, S, C, L, and U). In March 2024, the same international team reached 301 Tbps by extending into E-band and S-band with a custom amplifier for those bands.…
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As of 2023, FTTP coverage reached about 78.5% of Slovenian households, well above the EU average of 64%. Telemach operates a hybrid DOCSIS 3.1 cable + XGS-PON fiber network, with its GIGA cable network covering over 350,000 households and delivering nearly ubiquitous 1 Gbps downloads, after a 600 Mbps top bundle in 2020. Telekom Slovenije…
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As of early 2025, about 39.3% of Haitians—roughly 4.65 million people—were using the internet. By 2025 there were about 10.2 million active mobile connections in Haiti, equating to 86% of the population, with many subscribers holding multiple SIMs. Approximately 93.7% of mobile connections use 3G, 4G, or other broadband technologies, while only around 40% of…
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By mid-2023, fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) passed 75.4% of Polish homes, making FTTP the most prevalent fixed broadband technology. By mid-2023 rural FTTP coverage reached 56.3% of rural homes, overtaking DSL as the largest rural broadband technology. National fixed broadband coverage stood at 86.9% of households, with rural coverage at 74.0% by mid-2023. In October 2023, Poland…
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Fiber-optic broadband delivers 100–1000+ Mbps download and upload with latency around 5–20 ms, but availability is limited to about 25–40% of U.S. households and roughly 70% of OECD regions. Cable broadband offers 25–500 Mbps down and 5–50 Mbps up with 15–30 ms latency, is widespread in cities, and can reach up to 1 Gbps downstream…
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