lithium-sulfur

Beyond Lithium-Ion: Sodium-Ion vs. Solid-State vs. Lithium-Sulfur – Who Wins the Next Battery Race?

CATL unveiled the world’s first mass-produced sodium-ion EV battery, named Naxtra, in 2023 and began deploying it in cars by late 2023. Sodium-ion cells typically deliver 140–160 Wh/kg, with CATL’s best prototypes around 175 Wh/kg and a second-generation cell expected to exceed 200 Wh/kg. All-solid-state lithium batteries are projected to store 50% to 100% more energy than today’s Li-ion, with Toyota claiming a 20% initial range boost for its solid-state packs due in 2027–28. Solid-state designs could enable 600–1000+ miles per charge, according to industry projections and Toyota’s statements. Lithium-sulfur cells have a theoretical energy density of 600–800 Wh/kg, Fraunhofer’s

5 August 2025

Beyond Lithium-Ion: How Solid-State, Lithium-Sulfur, Sodium-Ion & Graphene Batteries Will Revolutionize EVs, Gadgets and Grid Storage

Solid-state batteries use a solid electrolyte and lithium-metal anodes, offering 50–100% higher energy density than today’s Li‑ion and 1,000+ cycles with about 95% capacity retention, with Toyota targeting 750 miles per charge and 10-minute charging by 2027–2028. Lithium-sulfur batteries have a theoretical energy density above 500 Wh/kg, and a recent all-solid-state Li‑S cell demonstrated around 25,000 cycles with 80% capacity retention, though energy density still needs improvement. Sodium-ion batteries today run around 160–175 Wh/kg, CATL claims 175 Wh/kg with over 10,000 cycles and operation from −40°C to +70°C, and Chery launched the first Na‑ion EV in 2023 with mass production

16 June 2025

Batteries · Energy storage · EVs · Innovation · NYSE:QS · NYSE:TM · Technology