SummaryNewly released high‑resolution pictures from Maxar and Planet Labs show the once‑impenetrable Fordow uranium‑enrichment plant gashed open after the 22 June U.S. air‑strike, with blast‑sealed tunnel mouths, greyed mountain rock and lingering smoke plumes. Image‑forensics, expert interviews and open‑source intelligence indicate that successive GBU‑57 “Massive Ordnance Penetrator” (MOP) bombs pulverised access shafts, cut external power and…
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Introduction Iran’s nuclear program has evolved from a U.S.-backed research initiative in the 1950s into one of the world’s most contentious proliferation challenges. Over seven decades, Iran has moved from peaceful nuclear cooperation under the Shah to a secretive post-revolution quest that alarmed the world. International negotiations, sanctions, and covert actions have punctuated this saga,…
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