Mateusz Kaczmarek, Author at TechStock²

Comprehensive Guide to Drone Laws in Ireland (2025 Update)

Since 31 December 2020, Ireland follows EU drone rules (Regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945) enforced by the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA). Drones are categorized by risk as Open, Specific, and Certified, with Open and Specific covering most operations today. Operator registration is required for drones 250 g or heavier or any drone with a camera, costs €40 for five years, and yields a visible Operator ID. Open-category pilots must complete online training and pass an A1/A3 certificate, with an additional A2 theoretical exam and practical practice to obtain an A2 certificate. Maximum altitude is 120 meters above ground level, and BVLOS

17 July 2025

Drones·Laws·Regulations

From Submarine Cables to Starlink: Marshall Islands Internet Connectivity in 2025

The HANTRU-1 cable is 2,917 km long with a 160 Gbps design capacity, extended to Majuro and Kwajalein/Ebeye in 2010, linking to a Pohnpei hub and onward to Guam. A 2017 HANTRU-1 cable fault caused a nationwide 3-week outage, forcing a 97% bandwidth cut as the islands relied on limited satellite links. The East Micronesia Cable (EMC) project, funded by Japan, Australia, and the US, connects Kosrae (FSM) and Tarawa (Kiribati) to Pohnpei and HANTRU-1, with completion expected around 2025–26 and improved resilience. The Central Pacific Cable (CPC) is a 15,900 km subsea link from Guam to American Samoa with

17 July 2025

Connectivity·Infrastructure·Internet·Satellite

Internet Access in Germany 2025: DSL, Cable, Fiber, 5G, and Satellite Connectivity

By mid-2023, 99% of German households had access to fixed broadband, and 95.6% were covered by next-generation NGA networks (≥30 Mbps). As of the end of 2023, Germany had about 37.0 million fixed broadband lines in service. DSL remained the most prevalent technology, but only about 40% of households could get full FTTH/B fiber by late 2023. 4G mobile networks cover virtually 100% of the population, while 5G networks cover over 95% as of 2023. In rural areas, NGA coverage reached 86.3% of households, Very High Capacity Networks (fiber or DOCSIS 3.1 cable) reached about 57%, and FTTH coverage was

16 July 2025

Broadband·Connectivity·Internet·Technology

Sydney Drone Laws 2025: New Rules, Forbidden Zones & Huge Fines – What You Need to Know

Drones in Sydney are regulated primarily by CASA nationwide under Part 101, with NSW state laws and local council bylaws adding extra restrictions. For recreational use, you don’t need a license or registration, but you must follow CASA safety rules including a maximum altitude of 120 meters, staying at least 30 meters from people, never flying over crowds, flying only in daylight with visual line of sight, and operating one drone at a time. Drones heavier than 250 grams must remain at least 5.5 kilometers from a controlled airport, while drones under 250 grams may operate within 5.5 kilometers up

16 July 2025

Drones·Laws·Safety

Norway Drone Laws 2025: Comprehensive Guide to Regulations & Recent Updates

Norway adheres to EU drone rules since 2021, applying the Open, Specific, and Certified categories uniformly to recreational and commercial operations. In the Open category, drones must weigh under 25 kg, be kept in visual line of sight, and not exceed 120 meters above ground, with a possible exception to fly up to 15 meters above a structure taller than 120 meters if the owner consents. Drones over 250 g must maintain minimum distances from people and property, typically 30 meters from others and 150 meters from residential or commercial areas unless the drone has a class marker. Night operations

15 July 2025

Drones·Regulations

Internet Access in Lithuania

4G LTE coverage reaches over 99% of Lithuania’s population, and 5G was rolled out in 2022–2023, with Telia Lietuva activating 5G in 2022 and reaching about 95% of the population and 99% of the territory by summer 2023 after mid-2022 spectrum auctions of 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz. By 2023, fiber-optic (FTTP) lines passed about 61% of residential premises, giving roughly 78% FTTP coverage nationwide, while around 77% of homes had access to some fixed broadband (fiber, cable, or DSL). Rural fixed broadband coverage was about 69% of rural households in 2023, with only about 23–24% of rural homes having

15 July 2025

Connectivity·Internet·Technology

Drone Laws in Greece: 2025 Comprehensive Guide for Recreational & Commercial Pilots

Greece implements the EU Drone Regulation 2019/947 and 2019/945, effective end of 2020, using Open, Specific, and Certified risk-based categories. The Open category allows drones under 25 kg to fly up to 120 meters and in visual line-of-sight with no prior authorization if the rules are followed. Registration is required for drones over 250 g or with a camera, via the HCAA online system, with a single UAS Operator Registration Number that covers all drones and, for non-EU residents, registration must occur before flying; once registered in one EU country, it is valid across the EU. Pilots must hold the

14 July 2025

Drones·Regulations

America’s Internet Divide Exposed: The Truth About Access, Speed, and the Satellite Revolution

The BEAD program provides $42.45 billion in federal broadband funding administered by the NTIA to states to extend high-speed internet, with a 2025 policy shift to technology-neutral approaches that allow satellite solutions. The Affordable Connectivity Program provides a $30 per month subsidy and had about 18 million enrolled by 2023, with renewal funding uncertain in 2024–2025. As of May 2025, 95% of locations have 100/20 Mbps service available, leaving roughly 5% unserved. Fiber-to-the-home infrastructure was available in about 43–46% of U.S. areas in 2025, contributing to a national median download speed of about 242 Mbps by early 2024 (6th-fastest in

14 July 2025

Digital Divide·Internet·Satellite·Technology

Comprehensive Guide to Drone Laws in Portugal (2025 Update)

Since January 1, 2021, Portugal adopted EU drone regulations (EU 2019/947 and 2019/945) under EASA, introducing Open/Specific/Certified categories. The Open category applies to drones under 25 kg operated within visual line of sight up to 120 meters altitude, with subcategories A1, A2, and A3 defining proximity to people. Operations that exceed Open limits—such as heavier drones, BVLOS, or night flights—fall into the Specific or Certified categories and require ANAC authorization after a risk assessment. Drone operator registration is mandatory for drones 250 grams or more or with cameras; you receive an operator ID valid for five years via the online

13 July 2025

Drones·Law·Regulations

Internet Access in Grenada: Overview and Analysis

As of 2023, Grenada’s internet penetration was about 77–80% of a ~125,000 population, roughly 98,000 online. Mobile subscriptions exceed Grenada’s population at about 107%, reflecting widespread multiple-SIM usage. The market is a duopoly dominated by Flow and Digicel, with Flow accounting for roughly 82% of internet subscriptions/traffic and Digicel about 17%. Digicel launched 4G LTE in Grenada in late 2018 on 700 MHz, with Flow following later to upgrade mobile data; as of 2025, no 5G service is live. Fiber-to-the-Home is being rolled out by Flow and Digicel, with Digicel offering up to 1 Gbps Home Fiber and Flow anticipating

13 July 2025

Connectivity·Internet·Technology

Internet Access in Palestine: West Bank and Gaza

By the end of 2022, Palestine had about 457,700 fixed landlines in service, up 27% since 2010. By 2022, ADSL broadband subscriptions reached roughly 358,000, up 201% since 2010. By the end of 2022, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) connected over 51,700 subscribers. All Palestinian international internet traffic runs through Israeli-controlled infrastructure with no independent undersea cables. 3G was rolled out in the West Bank in 2018, while Gaza remained on 2G. 4G was approved for Palestinian networks in early 2023. As of 2025, Palestinians have no access to 5G spectrum. Jawwal, launched in 1999, has around 3 million mobile subscribers. Ooredoo Palestine,

12 July 2025

Connectivity·Internet

Drone Laws in Indonesia 2025: Comprehensive Guide for Hobbyists and Commercial Operators

By 2021 Indonesia had four key drone regulations—Permenhub 34/2021, 63/2021, 37/2020, and 27/2021—covering airworthiness, operational rules, airspace procedures, and enforcement. Small drones (≤25 kg) can be used for recreational or commercial purposes without individual flight permits in some cases, but must follow CASR Part 107 rules, while large drones (>25 kg) require DGCA safety approval and CASR Part 22 airworthiness certification. All drones must be registered with the DGCA via the SIPUDI online system, with registration certificates valid for 3 years and requiring details such as drone make, model, serial number, weight, owner information, and proof of insurance. A Remote

12 July 2025

Drones

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Keppel stock holds near 12-year high after profit jump, special dividend; buyback adds support

7 February 2026

Keppel shares closed at S$11.64 on Friday, up 0.17%, after surging 6.1% the previous day on stronger FY2025 profit and a larger dividend plan. The company bought back 151,400 shares for about S$1.74 million. Keppel reported a 29% rise in full-year profit to S$1.02 billion and proposed a total distribution of 47 cents per share, including a special dividend partly paid in Keppel REIT units.

United Overseas Bank (UOB) share price dips to S$38.50 — what investors watch next week

7 February 2026

United Overseas Bank shares fell 0.39% to S$38.50 on Friday, with 2.07 million shares traded. The Straits Times Index dropped 0.8%, ending a three-day record streak, as DBS, OCBC, and UOB all closed lower. Investors are watching for signs that margin pressure on banks is easing ahead of DBS results on Feb 9 and UOB on Feb 24. Trading resumes Monday.

OCBC share price ends lower ahead of Singapore banks’ earnings week — what investors watch next

7 February 2026

OCBC shares closed down 1.03% at S$21.23 on Friday, with 6.19 million shares traded. Investors are watching for signs of easing margin pressure as Singapore’s major banks report results this month, starting with DBS on Feb 9. OCBC will announce full-year results on Feb 25. The bank disclosed it used 2,237 treasury shares for employee schemes after the close.

ST Engineering stock price drops 2% to S$9.71 as drone-autonomy tie-up grabs attention

7 February 2026

ST Engineering shares fell 1.9% to S$9.71 Friday, outpacing the Singapore market’s 0.8% drop amid a tech-led selloff. The company signed a deal with Shield AI at the Singapore Airshow to integrate autonomy software into its unmanned platforms and unveiled a small drone capable of carrying explosives. About 6.9 million shares traded as investors await full-year results on Feb. 27.

Mateusz Kaczmarek

Stock Market Today