DeepSeek AI was founded in 2023 as a spin-off from Hangzhou‑based High-Flyer Capital Management, following a March 2023 announcement that the fund would devote resources to AGI research. High-Flyer built two private AI clusters before export restrictions—1,100 NVIDIA A100 GPUs in 2020 and about 10,000 A100 GPUs in 2021, at a cost of ¥1 billion,…
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The four pillars of quantum technology are quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum sensing (metrology), and quantum simulation. In 2016, China’s Micius satellite demonstrated satellite-based quantum key distribution by distributing entangled photons between ground stations over 1,200 km. IBM aims to build a 4,000+ qubit machine by 2025 and demonstrated a 433-qubit processor in 2022. D-Wave’s…
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FireSat, a Google Research–led constellation with the Earth Fire Alliance, will refresh every 20 minutes and use onboard AI to detect fires as small as a 5×5 meter patch (25 m²); the first satellite was launched in 2025. ALERTCalifornia operates 1,100+ AI-assisted cameras across California, filtering frames to alert responders and enabling early detection before…
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Midjourney (on Discord) uses the V6 model and offers plans starting around $10/month for Basic, $30/month for Standard, and $60/month for Pro. DALL-E 3 (OpenAI) is integrated with ChatGPT in ChatGPT Plus, which costs $20/month, with image-generation credits priced around $0.02–$0.03 per image. Synthesia offers AI avatars (100+ options) and 120+ languages, with a Personal…
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ChatGPT (OpenAI) uses GPT-4 and Gemini models and reached about 200 million users by late 2024. Claude (Anthropic) offers a context window up to 100,000 tokens in Claude 2 to analyze long texts and source code. Google Bard (Gemini) and Duet AI bring Gemini-powered productivity to Google Workspace, with Bard free for general users and…
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Google introduced the Search Generative Experience (SGE) in 2023–2024, using the Gemini AI model to produce top-of-page AI overviews with citations. After limited trials, Google rolled out AI overviews to all U.S. users in 2024 and aims to reach over a billion people by year’s end, with ads remaining separate and publisher traffic preserved. Gemini’s…
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ChatGPT reached 100 million users in January 2023, making it the fastest-growing consumer app in history. GPT-4 is rumored to have around 1.76 trillion parameters across eight Mixture-of-Experts models. Claude 2 offers up to 100,000 tokens of context and uses Constitutional AI to encourage harmless, helpful behavior. Gemini Ultra reportedly exceeded 90% on the MMLU…
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The 2017 U.S. Department of Defense project Maven was launched to apply AI-based computer vision to analyze drone surveillance footage in the Middle East, with fielding by year’s end. In 2019, China released its National Defense White Paper announcing the goal of “intelligentized warfare” and a plan to become the world AI leader by 2030.…
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Executive snapshot 1. Where the law stands today (mid-2025) Jurisdiction Binding instrument Status & key 2025 deadlines Direct requirements for generative / foundation models European Union Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 – “AI Act” Entered into force 1 Aug 2024; prohibitions apply 2 Feb 2025; general-purpose model rules kick in 2 Aug 2025 and most other obligations…
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The European Union finalized the AI Act in 2024, with full applicability by 2026, classifying AI by risk and requiring high-risk systems to include transparency, human oversight, and clear labeling for AI-generated content including deepfakes. China enacted the Interim Measures for Generative AI Services in August 2023, requiring provider registration, alignment with core socialist values,…
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