Turkey’s Digital Divide: Inside the State of Internet Access and Satellite Connectivity in 2025
Turkey’s fiber backbone length grew from about 425,000 km in 2020 to over 605,000 km by 2024. Fiber broadband subscribers reached around 8.1 million by 2024, and fiber accounted for about 39.4% of fixed broadband subscriptions at end-2024. Turkey’s 4.5G network, launched in 2016, provides nationwide coverage and had over 87 million 4.5G users by 2024. Commercial 5G has not launched as of 2025; a spectrum tender is planned for August 2025 with initial 5G service targeted to begin in 2026. Turkcell is the largest mobile operator with about 40.2% of mobile subscribers in Q1 2024 and about 45% of
