Executive Summary Platform Updates Ethereum Following the May 2025 Pectra upgrade, Ethereum’s PoS chain showed robust health. Staking surged to new heights: over 35 million ETH (28.3% of supply) was locked as of mid-June cointelegraph.com, driven in part by renewed confidence after the upgrade. Analysts noted ~500K ETH was staked in the first half of…
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Circle Internet Financial’s NYSE IPO on June 5 priced at $31 per share, opened at $69, surged about 800% to over $270 within two weeks, pushing Circle’s market cap above $60 billion and the deal was oversubscribed roughly 25×. Coinbase and Kraken secured MiCA licenses to operate across all 27 EU member states (Luxembourg for…
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Blockchain is a distributed, append-only ledger where each transaction is grouped into a block cryptographically linked to the previous one, making the system tamper-resistant. Smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum are self-executing code that enforces agreements when conditions are met, operating with no downtime, censorship, or fraud. Walmart and IBM demonstrated a blockchain-based food-traceability system…
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In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin whitepaper, and in January 2009 Bitcoin’s genesis block was mined. The 2016 DAO hack on Ethereum triggered a hard fork. Vitalik Buterin proposed Ethereum in 2013, and the Ethereum Frontier network went live in July 2015, introducing smart contracts. By 2019, Walmart deployed a food traceability system using…
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Bitcoin hit a record high of about $112,500 on May 22, 2025, traded around $106,000–$110,000 in June, and held roughly 60% of total crypto market capitalization by mid-June. Total crypto market capitalization surpassed $3 trillion for the first time since late 2021, peaking near $3.4 trillion in June 2025. Ethereum’s Pectra upgrade went live on…
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Latest Updates: XRP and Ripple Labs (2024–2025) Recent years have been eventful for XRP (the cryptocurrency) and Ripple Labs (the company behind it). Key developments include: Background: What Are XRP and Ripple Labs? XRP is a digital asset native to the XRP Ledger (XRPL), a blockchain originally launched in 2012 by Ripple’s founders 21shares.com. It…
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