In the 48 hours before U.S. B‑2 bombers punched bunker‑busting holes into Iran’s Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan complexes, a burst of commercial‑satellite photos captured trucks, bulldozers and security convoys swarming Fordow’s tunnel mouths. Analysts read the pictures as a frantic effort to shift centrifuges or shielding materials—clues that helped tip Washington’s calculus toward a lightning strike.…
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A wave of newly released commercial‐satellite photographs confirms that the 21 June 2025 U.S. strike package—which used B‑2‑launched GBU‑57 “bunker‑busters” and sea‑launched Tomahawks—badly damaged key above‑ground infrastructure at Iran’s Natanz and Isfahan complexes and cut external power to the otherwise deeply buried Fordow enrichment halls. Taken together with on‑the‑record assessments from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)…
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A new tranche of commercial satellite shots has torn the secrecy veil from Israel’s eight‑day air war inside Iran, confirming crippling damage to nuclear, missile and command sites. Independent analysts say Tehran’s premier heavy‑water reactor complex, multiple centrifuge workshops and at least two hardened missile bases have been “neutralised,” while Iranian retaliation has peppered Israeli…
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Iranian Space Agency (ISA) History and Founding Timeline Iran’s involvement in space activities dates back to the late 1950s, when it became a founding member of the U.N. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1958 en.wikipedia.org. Early efforts focused on satellite communications and remote sensing: by 1976, Iran had established a “Remote…
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Introduction Iran’s nuclear program has evolved from a U.S.-backed research initiative in the 1950s into one of the world’s most contentious proliferation challenges. Over seven decades, Iran has moved from peaceful nuclear cooperation under the Shah to a secretive post-revolution quest that alarmed the world. International negotiations, sanctions, and covert actions have punctuated this saga,…
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General Internet Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Sudan’s internet infrastructure relies on a national fiber-optic backbone and international gateways centered at Port Sudan. The country is connected to several submarine cables, including the East Africa Submarine System (EASSy) and FLAG/FALCON networks, which land at the Red Sea coast en.wikipedia.org. Terrestrial fiber links extend to neighboring…
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Scientists discovered one of Earth’s oldest asteroid impacts at North Pole Dome, Australia, dating back over a billion years. The site contains some of the planet’s oldest microbial fossils. Geologist Alec Brenner and colleagues suggest these findings could be crucial for studying past life on Mars and understanding ancient hydrothermal environments.
China has become the leading AI research partner for the US, UK, and EU, despite global tensions. This underscores China's growing influence in AI research and international collaboration.
The dispute between Krafton and former managers of Unknown Worlds, creators of Subnautica, has intensified. Krafton alleges mismanagement after firing key leaders, risking a $250 million earn-out tied to 'Subnautica 2'. The ex-managers are now suing, highlighting escalating tensions in the gaming industry.
Conversational AI and Voice Assistants – Key Developments (June–July 2025)Major Product Launches and Updates Amazon Alexa+ Rollout and Features: Amazon’s generative AI upgrade for Alexa – dubbed Alexa+ – entered broad early access by mid-2025. After a February launch event, Alexa+ was initially available to a limited group and reached over 1 million users by June theve…
EdTech Sector Developments – June & July 2025June and July 2025 have been pivotal months for educational technology (EdTech), marked by major platform launches, global partnerships, and a continued evolution in how digital tools support learning. Across K–12 schools, universities, and corporate training programs, AI-driven learning systems …
