Engineered Living Therapeutics: How “Bugs as Drugs” Are Transforming Medicine in 2025
Regulators approved the first microbiome-based therapies for infection in 2022–2023, including Rebyota and Vowst. Next-generation engineered microbes are now in clinical trials for cancer, metabolic, and immune disorders. Synthetic biology advances enable microbes to sense and respond inside the body. Major biotech firms and pharma are investing, with positive Phase 3 results reported for some live microbe therapies in 2025.
