GPT-5 launched in August 2025 with a 400,000-token context window, multimodal text-and-image input, test-time compute, and access for about 700 million ChatGPT users worldwide. GPT-5 comes in three tiers—GPT-5, GPT-5 Mini, and GPT-5 Nano—sharing the 400K context and multimodal input while offering different performance and cost profiles. The GPT-5 API pricing is $1.25 per million…
Read more
GPT-5 launched on August 7, 2025 and was rolled out to all ChatGPT users, including the free tier. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman described GPT-5 as “clearly generally intelligent” and a “PhD-level” expert, a step toward AGI but not AGI yet. GPT-5 features “Think Harder” mode with test-time compute that automatically allocates more processing power for…
Read more
OpenAI was founded in 2015 by Elon Musk, Sam Altman and others, restructured in 2019 into a capped-profit model, and by late 2024 was valued at about $150 billion after ChatGPT’s rapid adoption. GPT-4, released in March 2023, is OpenAI’s multimodal model that accepts text and images, with a context window up to 32K tokens…
Read more
Supervised learning trains on labeled data to predict outputs, enabling tasks like spam detection, house-price prediction, and cat image recognition with labeled photos. Unsupervised learning finds structure without labels, enabling clustering of news articles by topic and customer segmentation into similar behavior groups. Reinforcement learning trains an agent by interacting with an environment to maximize…
Read more
Neural networks are brain-inspired models that learn from data by adjusting weights and biases, not by hand-coding every rule. They consist of layers—input, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer—where each neuron connects to the next layer. Each connection has a weight and each neuron includes a bias, and these are the learnable…
Read more
Gemini Ultra achieved 90.0% on the MMLU benchmark, the first AI to exceed human expert performance. GPT-4 Omni (GPT-4o) was introduced by 2025, handling text, images, and audio with about 232 ms response times and powering the free ChatGPT tier in mid-2025. Claude Opus 4 is billed as the world’s best coding model, achieving 72–73%…
Read more
In mid-2025, Google DeepMind unveiled AlphaEvolve, an AI coding agent that uses Google’s Gemini LLMs, an evolutionary search process, and automated testing to autonomously design and improve algorithms. AlphaEvolve generates, tests, and evolves programs in an autonomous pipeline, refining entire codebases rather than a single function. It discovered a 4×4 matrix multiplication method over the…
Read more
Meta hired Trapit Bansal, a key OpenAI researcher, and acquired a 49% stake in Scale AI valued at nearly $15 billion, while securing a 1.1 GW nuclear power supply for AI data centers starting in 2027. Amazon’s stock has nearly doubled in the past three years as AWS commands about 30% of the global cloud…
Read more
