Introduction and Significance The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is a fifth-generation stealth fighter jet renowned as one of the most formidable air superiority fighters ever built. Developed for the United States Air Force (USAF) as a successor to the F-15 Eagle, the F-22 pioneered new levels of stealth, speed, and maneuverability when it entered service…
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The convergence of satellite communications with 5G networks is accelerating, launching a new space race to provide broadband backhaul from orbit. In the period 2024–2031, companies are investing billions of dollars into constellations of Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Geostationary Orbit (GEO) satellites to extend 5G coverage to every corner of…
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Introduction & Development History The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a single-engine multirole fighter jet that first emerged from the U.S. Air Force’s Lightweight Fighter (LWF) program in the 1970s. Conceived by a group of innovative engineers known as the “Fighter Mafia,” the F-16 was designed as an affordable, lightweight day fighter with superb agility en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org. General Dynamics built…
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Overview and Development History Sukhoi Su-57 stealth fighters in flight during a demonstration. The Sukhoi Su-57, known by its NATO codename “Felon,” is Russia’s first fifth-generation stealth fighter jet. Developed under the PAK FA program (Perspektivnyy Aviatsionnyy Kompleks Frontovoy Aviatsii – “Prospective Airborne Complex of Frontline Aviation”), the Su-57 was designed to replace aging Soviet-era…
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Zimbabwe connected to the internet relatively early, but access was very limited for many years. The first internet service providers (ISPs) emerged in the mid-1990s – Data Control & Systems was established in 1994 and MWEB in 1995 paynow.co.zw chatsports.com. At that time the internet was expensive and largely confined to corporations and elite users.…
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Global Rise of Private Spaceflight Companies The once government-only arena of spaceflight is now a thriving global industry fueled by private companies. In 2023, the global space economy reached $570 billion, nearly double its size a decade earlier spacefoundation.org. Commercial ventures account for ~78% of this economy spacefoundation.org, reflecting how companies worldwide are taking the…
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The Rising Threat of Drones in Modern Warfare and Public Security Drones as Emerging Threats: Small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have rapidly become a double-edged sword – offering benefits for civilians while introducing new threats on battlefields and in public spaces ctc.westpoint.edu ctc.westpoint.edu. Terrorist organizations and insurgents have weaponized cheap commercial drones for bombings, kamikaze…
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India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission (launched July 2023) achieved a historic soft landing near the Moon’s south pole on August 23, 2023 space.com. Its primary objectives were to demonstrate safe, precise landing and a mobile rover to conduct in‑situ science on the lunar surface isro.gov.in. The mission carried a lander (Vikram) and a six-wheeled rover (Pragyan) equipped with instruments…
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Blue Origin is a private aerospace company founded by Jeff Bezos in 2000, with a mission to enable commercial human space travel. Its New Shepard suborbital rocket has been conducting crewed tourist flights since 2021, and its New Glenn heavy orbital rocket made its first successful launch in January 2025 en.wikipedia.org. These activities have generated…
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Introduction and Overview An F-35A Lightning II in flight. The fifth-generation F-35 is designed as a multi-role stealth fighter, intended to dominate both air-to-air and air-to-ground engagements.The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is a family of single-seat, single-engine fifth-generation stealth fighters developed under the Joint Strike Fighter program en.wikipedia.org. It was conceived as a multirole platform equally adept at…
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