Google Cloud Speech AI provides Text-to-Speech with 380+ voices across 50+ languages using WaveNet/Neural2, Speech-to-Text in 125+ languages, and Custom Voice generally available in 2024. Azure Speech Service offers Neural Text-to-Speech with 446 voices in 144 languages (as of mid-2024), Speech-to-Text in 75+ languages, and Custom Neural Voice with cloud or on-prem deployment. Amazon Polly…
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ChatGPT (OpenAI) launched in November 2022, added GPT-4 in 2023, reached about 122 million daily active users by early 2025, and offers a free GPT-3.5 tier plus ChatGPT Plus at $20 per month and an Enterprise tier introduced in 2023. Google Bard launched in 2023, evolved from LaMDA to PaLM 2 and Gemini by 2025,…
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Telkom/Openserve is phasing out copper as fixed broadband shifts to fiber, with end-2024 ADSL subscribers under 36,000, down from a peak of over 1 million in 2015. FTTH subscriptions rose from 1.49 million in 2023 to 2.47 million in 2024, driven by aggressive rollouts from Telkom/Openserve, Vumatel, and other operators. Over 69% of internet users…
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Google Chrome holds roughly two-thirds of the global browser market in 2025, about 66–67%. Apple Safari commands about 17–18% of the global market in 2025, with desktop share around 9%. Microsoft Edge accounts for about 5% of global share in 2025, with roughly 13.8% of desktop usage and features like Vertical Tabs, Collections, and an…
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The four pillars of quantum technology are quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum sensing (metrology), and quantum simulation. In 2016, China’s Micius satellite demonstrated satellite-based quantum key distribution by distributing entangled photons between ground stations over 1,200 km. IBM aims to build a 4,000+ qubit machine by 2025 and demonstrated a 433-qubit processor in 2022. D-Wave’s…
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Global government and military Satcom spending is projected to grow about 7–10% annually, rising from roughly $50 billion in 2024 to $64 billion by 2030. The Ukraine conflict underscored Satcom’s importance, with Starlink keeping forces online for combat and coalition operations. Militaries are shifting to enterprise Satcom architectures that blend military and commercial satellites across…
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4G LTE coverage is extensive, reaching about 91% of the population in 2024, while 3G coverage reaches about 95%. In 2023, SIT held spectrum auctions that raised about $176 million in total: 126 MHz in the 2.5 GHz band brought in about $49 million (with Tigo $32 million and Claro $17 million) and a later…
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As of March 2025, approximately 14,900 total satellites were in orbit, with about 11,000–12,000 active and 3,000–4,000 inactive or defunct. SpaceX’s Starlink has about 7,000–7,500 active satellites in orbit as of 2025, accounting for over 60% of all operational satellites and a goal of 42,000 total. OneWeb deployed 648 satellites with roughly 652 operational by…
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FireSat, a Google Research–led constellation with the Earth Fire Alliance, will refresh every 20 minutes and use onboard AI to detect fires as small as a 5×5 meter patch (25 m²); the first satellite was launched in 2025. ALERTCalifornia operates 1,100+ AI-assisted cameras across California, filtering frames to alert responders and enabling early detection before…
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Syria has conducted annual nationwide internet shutdowns on high school exam days since 2016, with 2020–2025 patterns showing daily outages of roughly 3.5 to 5.5 hours during exam periods. Syria’s shutdowns use an asymmetric model that allows outbound traffic but blocks inbound responses, making the internet effectively unusable. In Syria, the 2023 exam season produced…
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