At lightning speed on 24 June 2025, President Donald Trump upended foreign and domestic politics: he jetted into The Hague demanding a historic 5 %‑of‑GDP defense pledge from NATO, proclaimed (and then scolded) a shaky Israel‑Iran cease‑fire hours after ordering U.S. B‑2 strikes on Iranian nuclear sites, and watched Congress shelve an impeachment bid even as lawmakers advanced War‑Powers curbs. Oil…
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Introduction In parts of the world, authorities are literally switching off the internet on a routine basis. Over the last five years (2020–2025), countries like Syria, Iraq, and Algeria have repeatedly imposed nationwide internet shutdowns – often timed with school exam periods – plunging millions into digital darkness for hours at a time. Governments claim…
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