By January 2025, Pakistan had 116 million internet users, about 45.7% of the population. By early 2025, Pakistan had 190+ million mobile connections, roughly 75% of the population, with many people using multiple SIMs. Fixed broadband penetration remains under 2%, with about 3.6 million fixed subscriptions. Fiber backhaul is still limited, with fiber teledensity around…
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Field telephones were standard on the battlefield from the 1910s through the 1980s, with the EE-8 field telephone (1930s–Vietnam) offering a 7-mile range. The SCR-300 Walkie-Talkie, developed by Galvin Manufacturing (Motorola) in 1940, was the first backpack FM radio with about a 3-mile range. SINCGARS, fielded by the U.S. Army in the late 1980s, has…
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Overview: Types of Infrastructure Targeted Ukraine’s telecommunications network encompasses a wide range of critical infrastructure that has come under attack since 2022. These include: Together, these attacks have aimed to sever Ukraine’s connectivity – both civilian communications and military command links – by dismantling the physical pillars of the internet, phone, and broadcast systems. The…
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