Marcin Frąckiewicz

CEO of TS2 Space and founder of TS2.tech. Expert in satellites, telecommunications, and emerging technologies, covering trends in space, AI, and connectivity.

The Ultimate Windows Version Comparison: From 1985’s Windows 1.0 to Windows 11 and Beyond

The Ultimate Windows Version Comparison: From 1985’s Windows 1.0 to Windows 11 and Beyond

Windows 1.0 debuted in November 1985 as Microsoft’s first graphical user interface on PCs, running on top of MS-DOS as an “operating environment” with tiled windows due to an Apple licensing agreement. Windows 2.0, released in December 1987, introduced overlapping windows, desktop icons, keyboard shortcuts, expanded memory and 16-color VGA graphics, and bundled early Word and Excel. Windows 3.0 (May…
11 August 2025
From Macintosh System 1 to macOS Sequoia: The Epic Evolution of Apple’s OS

From Macintosh System 1 to macOS Sequoia: The Epic Evolution of Apple’s OS

The original Macintosh debuted in January 1984 with System 1, introducing windows, icons, menus, and mouse-based interaction. System 7, released in 1991, added virtual memory and 32-bit addressing, along with built-in networking features like AppleTalk. In 1997 Apple acquired NeXT, giving Mac OS X a Unix-based core (Darwin/BSD) with the Mach kernel, leading to Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah in…
11 August 2025
Astrophotography Showdown: Sony A7 IV vs Canon EOS Ra vs Nikon D810A – Which Captures the Cosmos Best?

Astrophotography Showdown: Sony A7 IV vs Canon EOS Ra vs Nikon D810A – Which Captures the Cosmos Best?

The Sony A7 IV uses a 33MP back-illuminated CMOS sensor with ~5.12µm pixels and delivers unusually clean high-ISO performance, with ISO 12,800 showing little noise and star-eater largely mitigated. The Canon EOS Ra modifies its infrared-cut filter to pass roughly four times as much hydrogen-alpha light, offers 30× magnification live view for precise focusing, and provides base ISO 100–40,000 (expandable…
10 August 2025
Northern Lights Alert: Best Places, Timing & Photography Tips for 2025’s Auroras

Northern Lights Alert: Best Places, Timing & Photography Tips for 2025’s Auroras

The absolute peak of Solar Cycle 25 is expected around July 2025, with about 115 sunspots mid-year. Noaa SWPC recorded a G2 geomagnetic storm on August 9, 2025, and issued G1–G2 watches on multiple days that month. Norway’s Tromsø (69°N), Alta, and the Svalbard archipelago (74–81°N) offer frequent auroras, with best viewing from late September through March and peak darkness…
10 August 2025
Battle of the Telescopes: StellaLyra 8″ & Apertura AD8 Dobsonians vs. Vaonis Vespera II Smart Scope (2025 Comparison)

Battle of the Telescopes: StellaLyra 8″ & Apertura AD8 Dobsonians vs. Vaonis Vespera II Smart Scope (2025 Comparison)

StellaLyra 8″ f/6 and Apertura AD8 are both 203 mm (8″) parabolic-mirror Dobsonians with a 1200 mm focal length (≈ f/6). Vaonis Vespera II uses a 50 mm f/5 quadruplet apochromatic refractor with a built‑in camera and a Sony IMX585 sensor (8.3 MP). The StellaLyra and Apertura are manual Dobsonians on wooden alt-az mounts, while the Vespera II is a…
10 August 2025
The Best Telescopes of 2025: What the Pros Are Using and What You Should Buy

The Best Telescopes of 2025: What the Pros Are Using and What You Should Buy

The Celestron NexStar 8SE is a 203 mm Schmidt-Cassegrain with a GoTo computerized fork mount and f/10 optics, delivering bright, detailed views but at a high price for beginners. The Sky-Watcher 8-inch Dobsonian is a 203 mm reflector on a manual alt-azimuth mount with f/6, offering a large light bucket at low cost but no tracking. The Celestron NexStar Evolution…
10 August 2025
Six Planets Will Align in the Sky This Month—Here’s When and How to Watch the Rare “Planet Parade”

Six Planets Will Align in the Sky This Month—Here’s When and How to Watch the Rare “Planet Parade”

On August 10, six planets—Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—will line up in a broad arc in the pre-dawn sky. Four of these planets (Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn) are visible to the naked eye, while Uranus and Neptune require binoculars or a small telescope. NASA notes that planetary parades of this kind occur only every few years, and become…
10 August 2025
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Stock Market Today

  • A.O. Smith Q4 Earnings Preview: Revenue Growth Expected Amid Mixed Past Results
    January 29, 2026, 8:12 AM EST. Water heating firm A.O. Smith (NYSE:AOS) reports Q4 earnings Thursday before market open. Analysts expect 1.6% revenue growth to $926.8 million, rebounding from a 7.7% decline last year, with adjusted EPS of $0.84. The company missed full-year revenue and earnings guidance last quarter, reflecting a cautious outlook. Peers in the building products space show mixed Q4 results: AZZ posted 5.5% revenue growth beating estimates, while Insteel's 23.3% rise slightly missed forecasts. Investor sentiment in the sector is positive, with an average share price gain of 9.3% in the last month; A.O. Smith shares rose 3.8%. The stock trades below its $78.27 average analyst target at $70.63 ahead of earnings.
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