Marcin Frąckiewicz

CEO of TS2 Space and founder of TS2.tech. Expert in satellites, telecommunications, and emerging technologies, covering trends in space, AI, and connectivity.

Drone Imports and Exports Involving Ukraine (2025)

Drone Imports and Exports Involving Ukraine (2025)

Countries and Companies Supplying Drones to Ukraine Types and Models of Drones Used by Ukraine (by Function) Ukraine employs a vast array of drones, both military-grade and civilian, serving different functions on and off the battlefield. Below are the major categories of drone types and notable models in each category: Ukrainian Drone Manufacturers and Domestic Capabilities Prior to 2022, Ukraine had only a handful of drone makers and mostly imported its UAVs. The war, however, spurred an explosive growth in domestic drone manufacturing, transforming Ukraine into a drone technology hub. By 2025 there were roughly 500 Ukrainian companies producing drones
13 June 2025
Import of Military-Grade Drones to Ukraine (2025 Update)

Import of Military-Grade Drones to Ukraine (2025 Update)

In February 2023 Parliament exempted UAVs from import duty and VAT, with the exemption extended through 2025 and renewed to cover defense goods until at least January 1, 2026; by early 2025, 98% of drones imported entered duty-free. A late-2022 Cabinet resolution allowed drones to clear customs with simplified procedures and no required bonds, and August 2023 saw removal of some documentation and certificates for civil or dual-use drones to speed imports. Exemption generally requires military or humanitarian use; volunteers, charities, or units can import drones tax-free if destined for the war effort. Ukraine maintains both official government import channels
13 June 2025
Fiber-Optic Drones in Ukraine: Evolution, Applications, and Impact

Fiber-Optic Drones in Ukraine: Evolution, Applications, and Impact

The Knyaz Vandal Novgorodsky fiber-optic FPV drone, built by the Russian volunteer group Ushkuinik led by Aleksey Chadaev, was deployed in August 2024 in Russia’s Kursk region to counter Ukrainian incursions. By late 2024 and early 2025, elite Russian fiber-optic FPV units named Rubicon and Sudny Den operated in eastern Ukraine, carrying spools up to about 10.8 km and achieving ranges of 20–30 km with roughly 80% success at 20 km. In December 2024 Ukraine demonstrated FPV drones controlled via fiber-optic cables to high-ranking officers, presenting more than a dozen domestic models with payloads up to 3 kg. By early
13 June 2025
Importing Drones to Ukraine – A Comprehensive Overview

Importing Drones to Ukraine – A Comprehensive Overview

In February 2023 Ukraine abolished value-added tax (VAT) and import duties on drones and related equipment, with exemptions extended to at least January 1, 2025 under martial law. Under the “235 Preference,” international postal and express UAV shipments to Ukraine are fully exempt from customs duties and VAT. In early 2023 the Cabinet canceled the requirement for volunteer importers to provide an end-user guarantee letter and waived dual-use drone licenses. Since April 2024 Ukraine uses an online humanitarian cargo system on good.gov.ua that assigns a unique code to drone shipments for fast border clearance. DJI direct sales to Ukraine stopped
13 June 2025
The 2025 Generative AI Rulebook: How New Laws Are Re-Wiring Innovation—And What’s Coming Next (AI Policy Report)

The 2025 Generative AI Rulebook: How New Laws Are Re-Wiring Innovation—And What’s Coming Next (AI Policy Report)

Executive snapshot 1. Where the law stands today (mid-2025) Jurisdiction Binding instrument Status & key 2025 deadlines Direct requirements for generative / foundation models European Union Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 – “AI Act” Entered into force 1 Aug 2024; prohibitions apply 2 Feb 2025; general-purpose model rules kick in 2 Aug 2025 and most other obligations 2 Aug 2026 digital-strategy.ec.europa.eudigital-strategy.ec.europa.eu Article 53 compels model cards, training-data disclosure, incident reporting and adversarial testing for any model placed on the EU market artificialintelligenceact.eu United States Oct 2024 AI Executive Order + agency rules (NIST, Commerce BIS) Executive action only (Congress still debating Algorithmic
12 June 2025
Generative AI Ethics Unveiled: Global Challenges, Case Studies, and the Race for Responsible AI

Generative AI Ethics Unveiled: Global Challenges, Case Studies, and the Race for Responsible AI

The European Union finalized the AI Act in 2024, with full applicability by 2026, classifying AI by risk and requiring high-risk systems to include transparency, human oversight, and clear labeling for AI-generated content including deepfakes. China enacted the Interim Measures for Generative AI Services in August 2023, requiring provider registration, alignment with core socialist values, labeling of AI-generated media, and extraterritorial compliance; by mid-2024 over 1,400 AI algorithms from more than 450 companies were registered. The United States has no single federal AI law as of 2025, relying on existing laws, voluntary guidelines, and the 2023 White House AI Bill
12 June 2025
AI vs Hackers: The Cybersecurity Revolution Reshaping Digital Defense

AI vs Hackers: The Cybersecurity Revolution Reshaping Digital Defense

Over 70% of large firms plan to invest in AI-driven security tools by 2027. In early 2022, a multinational technology manufacturer faced Babuk ransomware and an AI-driven defense autonomously blocked and isolated the infected device. A healthcare company using Darktrace’s UEBA detected an insider attempting data theft by connecting an employee’s device to the Dark Web via Tor. Microsoft Security Copilot and Google Chronicle illustrate AI-assisted threat hunting, with Copilot surfacing indicators of compromise in minutes and Chronicle tracing a credential theft attack in a day. Since late 2022, phishing email volumes surged by 1,265% following the availability of generative
Generative AI Revolution: 2025 Breakthroughs, Industry Disruption, and Predictions Through 2035

Generative AI Revolution: 2025 Breakthroughs, Industry Disruption, and Predictions Through 2035

OpenAI launched GPT-4.5 “Orion” on February 27, 2025, as the largest model to date with improved reasoning and a chain-of-thought mode. Google’s Gemini 2.5, released in 2025, is a multimodal AI that handles text, code, images, audio, and video and comes in Nano, Flash, Pro, and Ultra tiers with an AI Pro plan and Deep Research agent. Meta unveiled Llama 4 in April 2025, using a mixture-of-experts architecture; Scout has 109 billion parameters with a 10 million token context window, and Maverick has 402 billion parameters with 17 billion active per query. Anthropic released Claude 3.7 “Sonnet” in February 2025,
Ukraine’s Telecom Revolution: 2025 Market Outlook and Strategic Insights

Ukraine’s Telecom Revolution: 2025 Market Outlook and Strategic Insights

In 2020, Ukraine planned a commercial 5G spectrum auction for end-2021, but the tender was delayed and regulators cut mobile termination rates from ₴0.12 to ₴0.08 per minute in October 2020 as they focused on 4G. In June 2021, Datagroup completed its acquisition of Volia, creating a combined fiber backbone with over 4 million fiber-connected households. In August 2021, Vodafone Ukraine acquired 99.9% of ISP Vega and a cable TV operator to pursue quad‑play services. In March 2022, a missile strike hit Kyiv TV Tower, knocking major broadcasts off air and contributing to early March outages with roughly 500 mobile
12 June 2025
Artificial Intelligence in Satellite and Space Systems

Artificial Intelligence in Satellite and Space Systems

In May 1999, NASA’s Deep Space 1 operated for three days with the Remote Agent AI, planning activities and diagnosing simulated faults autonomously. From 2001 to 2004, NASA’s EO-1 carried the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), using onboard machine learning and the CASPER planner to re-task after events like volcanic eruptions. In 2013, JAXA’s Epsilon rocket became the first AI-enabled launch vehicle, reducing launch prep time from months to days. In 2015, NASA’s Curiosity rover implemented the AEGIS onboard targeting system to autonomously select rock targets for the ChemCam laser. In 2018, CIMON (Crew Interactive MObile CompanioN) became the first AI-powered
Telecommunications Infrastructure in Ukraine (2022–2025): Destruction and Resilience

Telecommunications Infrastructure in Ukraine (2022–2025): Destruction and Resilience

Overview: Types of Infrastructure Targeted Ukraine’s telecommunications network encompasses a wide range of critical infrastructure that has come under attack since 2022. These include: Together, these attacks have aimed to sever Ukraine’s connectivity – both civilian communications and military command links – by dismantling the physical pillars of the internet, phone, and broadcast systems. The following sections detail the timeline of destruction, the regional impacts, and how Ukraine has kept communications running against the odds. Chronology of Major Damage (2022–2025) People examine the wreckage of a broadcasting tower destroyed by a Russian missile strike in Kharkiv (April 2024) euronews.com. Critical telecom
10 June 2025
SpaceX: Comprehensive Overview of History, Technologies, Missions, and Future Plans

SpaceX: Comprehensive Overview of History, Technologies, Missions, and Future Plans

September 2008: Falcon 1 reached orbit on its fourth flight, becoming the first privately developed liquid-fuel rocket to orbit Earth. December 2008: NASA awarded SpaceX a $1.6 billion Commercial Resupply Services contract to deliver cargo to the ISS. May 2012: Dragon cargo capsule became the first commercial spacecraft to rendezvous with and deliver cargo to the International Space Station. December 21, 2015: Falcon 9 first stage landed at Cape Canaveral, the world’s first orbital-class rocket to land. March 30, 2017: SpaceX re-launched a previously flown Falcon 9 booster on the SES-10 mission, the first orbital rocket reuse. May 30, 2020:
8 June 2025
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Stock Market Today

Broadcom Stock Gets a Google AI Spend Lift as Jefferies Sees 60% Upside

Broadcom Stock Gets a Google AI Spend Lift as Jefferies Sees 60% Upside

7 February 2026
Google raised its 2026 capital expenditure forecast to $175 billion–$185 billion, with most spending expected on data-center chips. Broadcom shares rose about 2% after the announcement, while Nvidia and AMD slipped. Jefferies reiterated a buy rating on Broadcom, maintaining a $500 price target, implying a 62% upside from Wednesday’s close.
No $2,000 IRS stimulus check is coming in February 2026 — but Trump’s tariff-check talk keeps the rumors alive

No $2,000 IRS stimulus check is coming in February 2026 — but Trump’s tariff-check talk keeps the rumors alive

7 February 2026
The IRS has not announced new federal stimulus payments for February 2026, and Congress has not approved fresh checks. Trump told NBC he is considering $2,000 tariff rebate checks but has not committed, saying any payout would likely come later in 2026. The IRS warns taxpayers to ignore texts and emails about “stimulus payments” and verify notices through official channels.
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