NYSE:NOK 24 February 2025 - 11 June 2025

Iraq’s internet infrastructure has expanded significantly since the early 2000s, though much of the core network remains under government ownership. The Ministry of Communications controls the national fiber-optic backbone and international gateways, leasing bandwidth to private ISPs​ trade.gov. Iraq is connected via terrestrial fiber links to all six neighboring countries and to undersea cables like Gulf Bridge International, but overall capacity is still catching up to demand​ trade.gov. The state fixed-line network is in poor condition, with limited fiber-to-the-home projects concentrated in Baghdad​ trade.gov. As a result, most Iraqis access the internet through wireless means – either mobile networks, Wi-Fi at internet cafes, or local neighborhood Wi-Fi providers – since last-mile fixed broadband is not widely available​ trade.gov. These community-based networks share bandwidth leading to relatively low speeds per user​ trade.gov. Major Service Providers: The market has diversified from the days when Uruklink was the sole provider. Today dozens of ISPs operate, often reselling capacity from the MoC backbone​ en.wikipedia.org. Earthlink Telecommunications is the largest and fastest-growing ISP, offering nationwide services including fiber and wireless broadband​ kapita.iq. Other notable private ISPs include ScopeSky, IQ Networks, Newroz Telecom, and regional providers in the Kurdistan Region, which often use wireless and VSAT