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AFGHANISTAN

Internet Access in Afghanistan: A Comprehensive Overview

Internet Access in Afghanistan: A Comprehensive Overview

Mobile subscriptions grew from zero in 2001 to nearly 100% penetration by 2021. A nationwide fiber-optic backbone was being rolled out, including a 400 km cross-border fiber link to China via the Wakhan Corridor that was near completion in 2021. The Taliban’s return to power in August 2021 stalled or halted many fiber and broader connectivity projects. The five dominant providers are Afghan Telecom (Aftel/Salam), AWCC, Roshan, Etisalat Afghanistan, and MTN Afghanistan, with MTN planning to exit the Afghan market. An Internet Exchange Point (IXP) was established in Kabul to route local traffic domestically. Since August 2021, Taliban authorities blocked
24 februari 2025
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‘Immorality’ Crackdown: Taliban’s Expanding Internet Ban Plunges Afghan Provinces into Digital Darkness

‘Immorality’ Crackdown: Taliban’s Expanding Internet Ban Plunges Afghan Provinces into Digital Darkness

Background: Taliban Rule and Rising Censorship (2021–Present) When the Taliban returned to power in August 2021, Afghans feared a rollback of the relative freedom enjoyed over the prior two decades. Those fears have largely been realized. In the four years since the takeover, the Taliban have gutted Afghanistan’s independent media sector, shutting down over 400 outlets and replacing them with a state-controlled propaganda apparatus cpj.org. Hundreds of journalists have been arrested or driven into exile, and remaining media are forced to seek Taliban approval for any reporting cpj.org thediplomat.com. From day one of the new regime, women have been banned
19 september 2025
Acceso a Internet en Afganistán: Una visión general completa

Acceso a Internet en Afganistán: Una visión general completa

La infraestructura de Internet en Afganistán está dominada por redes móviles y la penetración móvil alcanzó casi el 100% para 2021, partiendo de 0 suscriptores en 2001. Una red troncal de fibra óptica nacional estaba casi terminada en 2021, incluyendo un enlace de fibra de 400 km con China a través del Corredor de Wakhan. Los cinco principales actores son Afghan Telecom (Aftel/Salam), AWCC, Roshan, Etisalat Afghanistan y MTN Afganistán. Existen docenas de ISPs pequeños, entre ellos Insta Telecom, Neda Telecom y Wasel Telecom. La conectividad para usuarios finales se entrega principalmente mediante redes móviles inalámbricas y no a través
7 maart 2025
When the Grid Goes Dark: How Satellite Phones Keep Us Connected in Emergencies

When the Grid Goes Dark: How Satellite Phones Keep Us Connected in Emergencies

Iridium operates 66 active LEO satellites in a cross-linked constellation, providing truly global coverage including the poles. Inmarsat uses 3–4 GEO satellites at about 36,000 km altitude to cover most of the globe from roughly 70°N to 70°S, and its IsatPhone 2 offers 8 hours of talk time. Globalstar runs about 48 LEO satellites to provide regional coverage (roughly 50°N to 50°S) with the Globalstar GSP-1700 handset. Thuraya uses two GEO satellites, with Thuraya 4-NGS launched in 2025 to expand service across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Australia, while it does not cover the Americas. Geostationary satellite networks
4 juni 2025
Wall Street Feels the Heat (and Thrill): Fed Cuts, Tariffs & Mega-Mergers Set NYSE Buzz

Stock Market Today 24.01.2026

U.S. Gold (USAU) closed at $22.60, up 207% in a year, but a DCF analysis values it at $562.13, suggesting 96% undervaluation. MKS Instruments (MKSI) surged 30% to $217 this year, but DCF puts fair value at $129, indicating 68% overvaluation. Protean eGov shares fell 30% in three months as net income dropped 6.2% over five years. Jash Engineering’s stock rose 634% in five years, despite recent declines.
24 januari 2026
Global Satellite and Space Industry Report 2025: Market Overview and Outlook to 2030

Global Satellite and Space Industry Report 2025: Market Overview and Outlook to 2030

In 2024, the global space economy reached $415 billion in revenue, up 4% from 2023. Commercial satellite activities totaled about $293 billion in 2024, representing 71% of the global space economy. The number of operational satellites rose from roughly 3,371 in 2020 to 11,539 by the end of 2024, a more than threefold increase. SpaceX dominated US launches in 2024, conducting 138 of 145 orbital launches with Falcon 9/Heavy rockets and Starship test flights. In 2024, the United States accounted for about 65% of global launch revenue; China performed 68 orbital launches, and Europe conducted 3. Global government space spending
1 juni 2025
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Inside Tajikistan’s Internet: Connectivity Challenges, Costs, and the Satellite Solution

Inside Tajikistan’s Internet: Connectivity Challenges, Costs, and the Satellite Solution

Since 2016, Tajikistan requires all ISPs to route international traffic through the state-controlled Single Communications Gateway via EKTs, enabling surveillance and censorship. Fixed-line broadband penetration is effectively zero, with about 6,000 fixed broadband subscriptions nationwide (roughly 0.07% of the population) as of 2025. Mobile internet dominates, with 10.54 million active mobile connections by early 2024 (about 102.9% of the population) and 4G coverage reaching roughly 72% of people by end-2022. Tajiktelecom monopoly on international bandwidth; in 2018 the government deprived ISPs of the right to buy international bandwidth from abroad, forcing purchases from Tajiktelecom at inflated prices, with bandwidth sold
30 juli 2025
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From Field Phones to 5G: The Evolution of Military Radio and Telecommunications

From Field Phones to 5G: The Evolution of Military Radio and Telecommunications

Field telephones were standard on the battlefield from the 1910s through the 1980s, with the EE-8 field telephone (1930s–Vietnam) offering a 7-mile range. The SCR-300 Walkie-Talkie, developed by Galvin Manufacturing (Motorola) in 1940, was the first backpack FM radio with about a 3-mile range. SINCGARS, fielded by the U.S. Army in the late 1980s, has 2320 channels in the 30–87.975 MHz range and introduced frequency hopping to defeat jammers. The AN/PRC-148 MBITR multiband SDR is a widely deployed handheld radio, covering 30–512 MHz and with over 22,000 units deployed since 2009. The Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) system, deployed in the
20 juni 2025
F-35 vs F-22 vs F-16: The Ultimate 2025 Fighter Jet Showdown

F-35 vs F-22 vs F-16: The Ultimate 2025 Fighter Jet Showdown

The F-35 has three variants—F-35A, F-35B, and F-35C—and can carry 2× 2000-lb bombs internally (or up to 18,000 lb externally) with a top speed of about Mach 1.6. As of 2025, the F-35A unit flyaway price is roughly $80–$90 million (B/C around $100 million), with production around 150 jets per year and over 1,000 aircraft delivered. The F-22 Raptor entered service in 2005, with only 195 aircraft built before production ended in 2011, making it a boutique USAF-only fighter. The F-22 can reach Mach 1.8 in supercruise and Mach 2.25+ in level flight, carries 6 AIM-120 AMRAAMs and 2 AIM-9
21 augustus 2025
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Top 10 Fighter Jets Dominating the Skies in 2025

De 10 beste gevechtsvliegtuigen die in 2025 het luchtruim domineren

F-35 Lightning II (VS) – Vijfde generatie stealth-multirole jager; eerste vlucht 2006, in dienst halverwege de jaren 2010; topsnelheid Mach 1,6; intern gevechtsbereik ruim 1.090 km; prijs ongeveer $80–85 miljoen voor de F-35A; in 2025 meer dan 1.000 toestellen geleverd aan 17 landen. F-22 Raptor (VS) – Vijfde generatie stealth-lucht-superioriteitjager; eerste vlucht 1997, in dienst 2005; twee Pratt & Whitney F119-motoren; topsnelheid Mach 2,25; supercruise tot Mach 1,8; intern bereik circa 800+ km (met externe tanks tot ~1.600 zeemijlen); productie 195 stuks; prijs circa $150 miljoen per toestel. Chengdu J-20 “Mighty Dragon” (China) – Vijfde generatie stealthjager; eerste vlucht 2011,
19 juni 2025
Top 10 Fighter Jets Dominating the Skies in 2025

I 10 migliori aerei da combattimento che dominano i cieli nel 2025

F-35 Lightning II, caccia stealth di quinta generazione di Lockheed Martin, ha volato per la prima volta nel 2006, è entrato in servizio a metà degli anni 2010, può raggiungere Mach 1,6 e ha un raggio di combattimento interno superiore a 1.090 km, con oltre 1.000 esemplari consegnati in 17 nazioni entro il 2025. F-22 Raptor, caccia stealth di quinta generazione statunitense, volò per la prima volta nel 1997 ed entrò in servizio nel 2005, può supercrocierare fino a Mach 1,8 e raggiungere una velocità massima di circa Mach 2,25, ha un raggio di combattimento di oltre 800 km ed
19 juni 2025
Satellite Phones: A Comprehensive Report

Satellite Phones: A Comprehensive Report

Iridium, a LEO network, started service in 1998 and operates 66 active cross-linked satellites, delivering near-global coverage, with the Iridium NEXT second-generation network launched in 2019. Globalstar uses 48 satellites (24 second-generation as of 2013), has no inter-satellite links and relies on ground gateways, and Apple’s Emergency SOS on iPhone 14 uses about 85% of Globalstar’s capacity for emergency texts. Inmarsat operates a GEO fleet of about 11 satellites, offers IsatPhone handheld services, the IsatPhone 2 provides ~8 hours of talk time and 160 hours of standby, and Inmarsat expanded with I-4/I-6 series after its 2023 acquisition by Viasat. Thuraya
2 juni 2025
Unveiling the F-16 Fighting Falcon: The Legendary Jet’s History, Secrets, and Showdown with Modern Fighters

Unveiling the F-16 Fighting Falcon: The Legendary Jet’s History, Secrets, and Showdown with Modern Fighters

The F-16 began as General Dynamics’ YF-16 in the USAF’s Lightweight Fighter program, with the prototype’s maiden flight in 1974 and the first operational F-16A delivered in 1979. It introduced relaxed static stability and fly-by-wire controls, enabling exceptional agility and the ability to sustain 9 g turns. The cockpit features a frameless bubble canopy for 360-degree visibility and a 30-degree-reclined ejection seat to improve high-G tolerance. More than 4,600 F-16s have been built since 1976, and as of 2025 about 2,084 remain operational across 25 nations. An international NATO consortium—Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway—co-produced early F-16s, assembling 348 jets
17 juni 2025
Top 10 Fighter Jets Dominating the Skies in 2025

Top 10 des avions de chasse dominant le ciel en 2025

F-35 Lightning II (USA) – chasseur furtif de cinquième génération: premier vol en 2006, entrée en service vers le milieu des années 2010, vitesse Mach 1.6 et rayon de combat interne >1 090 km sur F‑35A, coût unitaire d’environ 80–85 M$, plus de 1 000 livrés à 17 nations d’ici 2025. F-22 Raptor (USA) – chasseur furtif de supériorité aérienne: premier vol en 1997, service en 2005, Mach 2.25, rayon d’action environ 800 km (1 600 nmi avec réservoirs), coût autour de 150 M$, 195 exemplaires construits, réputé invincible en simulations. Chengdu J-20 “Mighty Dragon” (Chine) – chasseur furtif de
16 juni 2025
Top 10 Fighter Jets Dominating the Skies in 2025

Die 10 besten Kampfjets, die 2025 den Himmel beherrschen

F-35 Lightning II (USA): Erstflug 2006, drei Varianten (A/B/C); Höchstgeschwindigkeit Mach 1,6; Reichweite über 1.090 km; ursprünglicher Stückpreis ca. 100 Mio USD, heute ca. 80–85 Mio USD; bis 2025 über 1.000 Exemplare in 17 Ländern ausgeliefert. F-22 Raptor (USA): Erstflug 1997, Dienst 2005; Höchstgeschwindigkeit Mach 2,25; Reichweite ca. 800+ km (mit Zusatztanks ca. 1.600 NM); Stückpreis ca. 150 Mio USD; 195 Exemplare gebaut; Programm 2011 eingestellt. Chengdu J-20 „Mighty Dragon“ (China): Erstflug 2011, Einführung 2017; Mach 2,0 (Supercruise möglich); Reichweite ca. 3.000 NM (~5.550 km); interne Bewaffnung PL-15/PL-10; über 200 J-20 im Dienst. <liSu-57 „Felon“ (Russland): Erstflug 2010, Ender Dienstbeginn
16 juni 2025
F-35 Lightnig II Uncovered: Inside the $1 Trillion Stealth Fighter Dominating the Skies

F-35 Lightnig II Uncovered: Inside the $1 Trillion Stealth Fighter Dominating the Skies

The F-35 is a family of three variants: F-35A conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL), F-35B short takeoff/vertical landing (STOVL), and F-35C carrier-capable version. The aircraft first flew in 2006, with IOC achieved by the F-35B in July 2015, the F-35A in August 2016, and the F-35C in early 2019. As of mid-2025, more than 1,170 F-35s have been delivered worldwide, with the U.S. planning to buy 2,456 and partners adding 900-plus for a fleet exceeding 3,000 by about 2035. Unit flyaway costs for Lot 15–17 averaged $82.5 million for the F-35A, $109 million for the F-35B, and $102 million for
15 juni 2025
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Satellitentelefone: Ein umfassender Bericht

Satellitentelefone: Ein umfassender Bericht

Satellitentelefone verbinden sich direkt mit Satelliten statt mit terrestrischen Mobilfunkmasten und ermöglichen Sprachanrufe, SMS sowie niedrig-schnelle Daten, solange der Himmel frei sichtbar ist. Die Hauptbauformen sind Handheld-Satellitentelefone, fest installierte Satphones sowie Marine-/Luftfahrt-Satellitentelefone. GEO-Satellitennetze umkreisen die Erde in etwa 35.786 km Höhe, decken große Gebiete ab und bieten höhere Bandbreiten, erzeugen aber eine Signallatenz von rund 0,6 Sekunden. LEO-Satelliten wie Iridium (66 aktive Satelliten) und Globalstar (48 Satelliten, 24 zweite Generation seit 2013) ermöglichen globale Abdeckung mit geringer Latenz, erfordern aber eine große Konstellation von 40–70 aktiven Satelliten. Iridium bietet eine 100%-globale Abdeckung inklusive der Polarregionen, der Dienst startete 1998, es
6 juni 2025
Satellite Phones: A Comprehensive Report

Téléphones satellites : un rapport complet

Iridium est une constellation LEO de 66 satellites actifs, qui a lancé le service en 1998 et a déployé Iridium NEXT en 2019 pour améliorer la couverture mondiale et les débits. Globalstar est un réseau LEO de 48 satellites, dont 24 satellites de seconde génération déployés depuis 2013, et ses satellites fonctionnent comme des répéteurs « bent pipe » sans liaison inter-satellites, ce qui peut limiter la couverture en mer. Inmarsat exploite une flotte GEO d’environ 11 satellites et couvre quasi-globalement en dehors des pôles; le terminal IsatPhone 2 est l’un de ses produits phares, et en 2023 Viasat a
6 juni 2025
Global Satellite and Space Industry Report 2025: Market Overview and Outlook to 2030

Wereldwijd Rapport over de Satelliet- en Ruimtevaartindustrie 2025: Markt Overzicht en Vooruitzichten tot 2030

In 2024 bedroeg de wereldwijde omzet in de ruimtevaart ongeveer 415 miljard dollar, waarvan commerciële satellietactiviteiten circa 293 miljard dollar (71%) vertegenwoordigden. Het aantal operationele satellieten steeg eind 2024 naar 11.539, vergeleken met circa 3.371 in 2020. SpaceX voerde in 2024 138 van de 145 Amerikaanse orbitale lanceringen uit met Falcon 9/Heavy en Starship-tests, wat ongeveer 95% marktaandeel opleverde. In 2024 bedroeg ongeveer 69% van de wereldwijde productie-omzet voor satellieten door Amerikaanse bedrijven, met grote contractanten zoals Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Boeing en Maxar; in Europa zijn Airbus Defence & Space en Thales Group belangrijke fabrikanten. Ongeveer 18.500 kleine satellieten
11 juni 2025
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Satellite Phones: A Comprehensive Report

Satelliettelefoons: Een Uitgebreid Rapport

Satelliettelefoons maken rechtstreeks verbinding met satellieten in een baan om de aarde en bieden spraak, sms en data overal, mits vrij zicht op de lucht. Geostationaire (GEO) netwerken bevinden zich circa 35.786 km boven de evenaar, kunnen grote delen van de aarde dekken maar hebben hogere latentie (ongeveer 0,6 seconden) en bieden doorgaans meer bandbreedte; bekende netwerken zijn Inmarsat en Thuraya. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) netwerken bestaan uit tientallen tot honderden satellieten en bieden wereldwijde dekking met lage latentie, voorbeelden zijn Iridium NEXT met 66 actieve satellieten en Globalstar met 48 satellieten. Iridium is een LEO-netwerk met 66 actieve satellieten
6 juni 2025
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