Mateusz Kaczmarek

A technology and finance expert writing for TS2.tech. He analyzes developments in satellites, telecommunications, and artificial intelligence, with a focus on their impact on global markets. Author of industry reports and market commentary, often cited in tech and business media. Passionate about innovation and the digital economy.

Inside Saint Lucia’s Digital Revolution: The Untold Story of Internet and Satellite Access

Inside Saint Lucia’s Digital Revolution: The Untold Story of Internet and Satellite Access

Flow provides hybrid fiber-coax and some FTTH with up to 400 Mbps fixed download, and the Internet Select 400 plan costs EC$117.68 per month (VAT included). Digicel+ offers FTTH up to 500 Mbps fixed download (40 Mbps upload) on standard plans, with a 350 Mbps Home Fibre 350 plan at EC$174/month and a 500 Mbps Home Fibre 500 plan at EC$209/month, plus a 1 Gbps option on premium plans. Starlink entered Saint Lucia in late 2024, with residential plans around US$80 per month for unlimited data, a one-time dish cost of roughly US$350–$600, and typical speeds of 50–150 Mbps download
Laser Wars in Orbit: The 2024-2030 Boom in Optical Inter-Satellite Links

Laser Wars in Orbit: The 2024-2030 Boom in Optical Inter-Satellite Links

In 2024 the global Optical Inter-Satellite Links (OISL) market was about US$402 million and is projected to reach US$2.0 billion by 2030, a fivefold increase with roughly 30% CAGR. Major LEO mega-constellations such as SpaceX’s Starlink, Amazon’s Project Kuiper, and the planned OneWeb Phase 2 are integrating optical inter-satellite links from the outset to boost capacity and reduce latency. The U.S. Space Development Agency standardizes an optical terminal interface at about 2.5 Gbps and is seeding multiple vendors to build compatible units, jump‑starting a domestic OISL supply chain. China’s Laser Starcom achieved a world-record 400 Gbps laser inter-satellite link test
15 June 2025
The Digital Lifeline: Inside Ghana’s Internet Revolution from Fiber to Satellite

The Digital Lifeline: Inside Ghana’s Internet Revolution from Fiber to Satellite

As of early 2025, about 24.3 million Ghanaians were internet users, representing 69.9% penetration, with 38.3 million active mobile connections. Over 93% of mobile connections are on 3G, 4G, or 5G networks, underscoring mobile broadband dominance. In 2021, internet use was about 80% among youth (15–29), with urban usage around 80% and rural usage about 54%. Fixed broadband subscriptions were about 113,640 by late 2023, less than 0.7% of the population, with more than 99% of users relying on mobile networks. MTN Ghana launched 4G LTE in 2016 and accounts for about 82% of Ghana’s 4G traffic. By 2020, 4G
Australian Drone Laws 2025: Complete Guide to Rules, Registration & No-Fly Zones

Australian Drone Laws 2025: Complete Guide to Rules, Registration & No-Fly Zones

CASA regulates drones under Part 101, applying national rules across Australia with uniform standards, while state or local bylaws can add restrictions. Recreational drone rules include a maximum altitude of 120 meters, a 30-meter minimum distance from people, no flying over crowds, daylight and visual line-of-sight operations, and the requirement to operate only one drone at a time. Drones heavier than 250 grams must stay at least 5.5 kilometers from controlled airports, while drones 250 grams or lighter may fly within 5.5 kilometers up to 45 meters but cannot use airport approach or departure paths. Recreational pilots must respect privacy
15 June 2025
Lightning-Fast Latvia: Inside Europe’s Undercover Internet Powerhouse

Lightning-Fast Latvia: Inside Europe’s Undercover Internet Powerhouse

Latvia has about 1.9 million people, with roughly 92.9% online as of early 2024. Over 50% of Latvian households use fiber connections, placing Latvia among seven European countries with high fiber penetration. Latvia has the second-highest rural fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) coverage in Europe, behind Denmark. As of 2022, 76% of fixed broadband subscriptions were over fiber, and over 38% of connections deliver speeds above 300 Mbps. Latvia’s median fixed broadband speed was around 89 Mbps in early 2024, with 10 Gbps fiber services being introduced in Riga in select areas. 4G networks blanket 99% of the population, and rural 4G coverage
15 June 2025
UK Drone Laws Explained: What Every Pilot Must Know in 2025

UK Drone Laws Explained: What Every Pilot Must Know in 2025

The UK drone regime uses three operation categories—Open, Specific, and Certified—with Open further divided into A1, A2, and A3. Open A1 applies to drones under 250g and allows flight over people in built‑up areas but not over crowds. Open A2 covers drones up to 2 kg and requires an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC) to fly closer to uninvolved people. Open A3 covers larger drones up to 25 kg or any drone without further qualifications, and must be flown well away from people and built‑up areas (minimum 50 m from people and 150 m from built‑up areas). Specific category
14 June 2025
Why San Marino’s Tiny Size Might Be Its Biggest Internet Advantage

Why San Marino’s Tiny Size Might Be Its Biggest Internet Advantage

Over 50% of subscribers are already on fiber, with Telecom Italia San Marino planning to retire all copper DSL by 2027. San Marino achieved full nationwide 5G coverage by the end of 2018, making it Europe’s first country with nationwide 5G. The internet market is highly concentrated, with Telecom Italia San Marino (TISM) controlling about 93% of subscriptions and Telenet San Marino roughly 7%. In 2023, San Marino’s ICT Authority issued rules to allow new telecom entrants and fair use of the national fiber network to spur competition. Average fixed broadband speeds are around 95–100 Mbps, placing San Marino ahead
14 June 2025
D2D Gold Rush: The Race to Own the Sky-to-Phone Future (2025–2033)

D2D Gold Rush: The Race to Own the Sky-to-Phone Future (2025–2033)

In April 2023, AST SpaceMobile’s BlueWalker 3 demonstrated the first two-way voice call from an off-the-shelf smartphone (Samsung Galaxy S22) to a satellite. In November 2022, Apple launched Emergency SOS via Satellite on iPhone 14 using Globalstar, with the service free for two years. In September 2022, Lynk Global received the FCC license for commercial satellite-direct-to-phone services, enabling a 10-satellite initial constellation for SMS. 3GPP Release 17, frozen in 2022, formally added Non-Terrestrial Networks support so standard 5G devices can connect to satellites with adjusted timing and error correction. In 2024, Viasat and BSNL demonstrated two-way SMS connectivity using a
14 June 2025
State of Internet Access in Jordan: From Fiber Optics to Starlink

State of Internet Access in Jordan: From Fiber Optics to Starlink

As of Q4 2024, Jordan had about 812,000 fixed broadband subscriptions, with fiber representing roughly 73% (about 591,000) of fixed lines and total fixed broadband at 33.4% household penetration. Mobile broadband reached 8.0 million subscriptions in Q4 2024, with 4G LTE coverage exceeding 90% of the population and 5G launched commercially in 2023, tallying 112,900 5G subscriptions by end-2024. SpaceX Starlink became live in Jordan in April 2025, making Jordan one of the first Middle Eastern countries to offer land-based satellite internet. Orange Jordan introduced satellite broadband via the Eutelsat Konnect satellite in April 2025, delivering up to 100 Mbps
Broadband Blackouts & Starlink Smugglers: Inside Venezuela’s Fight for Internet Access

Broadband Blackouts & Starlink Smugglers: Inside Venezuela’s Fight for Internet Access

CANTV, the state-owned fixed broadband incumbent, dominated traditional internet with about 56% market share as of late 2022, while its aging ADSL copper network remained slow and repair backlogs persisted. From August 2020 to August 2023, Venezuela jumped 50 places in Speedtest’s global broadband index, rising from an average 6.15 Mbps to 29.5 Mbps. By mid-2024, Speedtest reported a median fixed broadband speed of about 54 Mbps, placing Venezuela roughly 119th in the world. Movistar, Movilnet, and Digitel controlled about 50%, 26%, and 23–24% of Venezuela’s mobile market respectively in 2022–2023. About 60% of Venezuelan mobile users had 4G LTE
Drone Laws Exposed (2025): The Ultimate Guide to U.S. FAA Rules, No-Fly Zones, and State Regulations

Drone Laws Exposed (2025): The Ultimate Guide to U.S. FAA Rules, No-Fly Zones, and State Regulations

The FAA divides drones into Recreational and Part 107 Commercial categories, with the latter requiring a Remote Pilot Certificate (minimum 16 years old, English proficiency, passing the Unmanned Aircraft General – Small exam, TSA background check) and a certificate valid for 2 years plus 24‑month recurrent training. Recreational flyers must pass the TRUST safety test, and any drone over 0.55 pounds (250 grams) must be registered with the FAA for $5 and remain registered for 3 years with the registration number on the drone. Remote ID became mandatory for drones that must be registered starting Sept 16, 2023, with enforcement
14 June 2025
Everything You Need to Know About Internet Access in Sweden—Even from Space

Everything You Need to Know About Internet Access in Sweden—Even from Space

As of 2022, about 96% of Swedes use the internet. Nearly 99% of Swedish households have internet access. 67% of the population has at least basic digital skills. Fiber-optic broadband is available to over 98% of premises, with about 85% of buildings connected and Very High Capacity Network coverage of roughly 83%. By 2024, roughly 98% of households or businesses are either connected to or near a network capable of 1 Gbps speeds. By 2023 around 82% of the population had access to 5G service, up from 18% in 2021. The 2016 National Broadband Strategy aimed for 95% of households
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Stock Market Today

Corning stock price hits record close — what’s driving GLW and the next big test

Corning stock price hits record close — what’s driving GLW and the next big test

7 February 2026
Corning shares jumped 8.3% to a record $122.16 Friday, gaining 11% over two sessions amid strong demand for AI infrastructure stocks. The move follows a $6 billion optical fiber deal with Meta and upgraded company forecasts. Shares traded as high as $122.56 and rose 0.6% after hours. COO Avery Nelson sold 1,894 shares for tax withholding, retaining 66,050.
PepsiCo stock: €2.5 billion bond deal lands as investors size up the price-cut gamble

PepsiCo stock: €2.5 billion bond deal lands as investors size up the price-cut gamble

7 February 2026
PepsiCo priced €2.5 billion in euro notes across four maturities, with settlement set for Feb. 11, according to an SEC filing. The company plans to use proceeds for general corporate purposes, including repaying commercial paper. Shares closed at $170.49 Friday, up 1.8%. PepsiCo is also cutting U.S. snack prices by up to 15% after consumer pushback.
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