Djibouti hosts about 10–12 international undersea cables on the Red Sea coast, including SMW3, EIG, SEA-ME-WE-5/6, AAE-1, EASSy, WIOCC, Yemeni, and DARE1, linking to Europe, Asia and East/Southern Africa. Djibouti Telecom invested over $200 million in the last decade in landing stations and a protected submarine corridor, reinforcing Djibouti as a regional internet gateway. Terrestrial…
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HTS use numerous narrow spot-beams and on-board processing to deliver dramatically higher data rates than legacy FSS, with platforms like Boeing 702X and SES-17 featuring fully digital, reconfigurable payloads. HTS constellations can deliver terabits of capacity worldwide to power broadband, backhaul, IoT and government networks. Modern HTS platforms operate primarily in Ku/Ka-bands and increasingly in…
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As of 2023, about 91.6% of Czechia’s population is online, equating to roughly 9.6 million internet users in a country of 10.5 million. Fixed broadband connections reached 4.1 million in 2023, roughly 38–40 subscriptions per 100 people. There are 15.5 million mobile SIM cards (about 148 per 100 people) and 11.5 million active mobile internet…
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Executive Summary In summary, the 2025–2032 period will likely be remembered as the “gold rush” era for small satellite launch services, marked by fierce competition, rapidly advancing technology, and multiplying launch opportunities worldwide. For stakeholders – whether satellite operators planning constellations, investors evaluating launch companies, or government agencies seeking assured access to space – the…
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Cablenet’s hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) network passes around 80% of premises in Cyprus. Fiber-to-the-Premises (FTTP) rollouts are underway with a target to reach 200,000 gigabit-capable premises nationwide. Cyprus’s four mobile network operators are Cyta (Cytamobile-Vodafone), Epic, PrimeTel, and Cablenet. By end-2022 Cyprus achieved 100% 5G coverage in populated areas, with Cyta claiming full-population 5G coverage. Starlink…
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SpaceX’s Starlink has launched over 8,000 satellites since 2019, with about 4,000 operational and service in 125+ countries serving more than 5 million users. OneWeb merged with France’s Eutelsat in 2023 to form a combined GEO+LEO operator, after launching 618 of 648 Gen1 satellites by March 2023 and planning Gen2 at around 300 satellites. Amazon’s…
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Fiber-to-the-premises reach about 88% of Danish households as of early 2024, up from just over 84% in mid-2023. DSL coverage has declined to around 87–89% as copper networks are retired, with full decommission planned by 2030. Hybrid fiber-coaxial cable networks upgraded to DOCSIS 3.1 now cover roughly two-thirds of households, with rural fiber reach around…
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In 2024 the global space economy reached $415 billion, with commercial satellite activities totaling about $293 billion (71%). The number of active satellites rose from about 3,300 in 2020 to over 11,500 by end-2024 due to mega-constellations. SpaceX and OneWeb have joined traditional players like Airbus, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Thales Alenia, Intelsat, SES, Eutelsat, and…
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Parker Solar Probe, launched August 12, 2018 on a Delta IV Heavy, became NASA’s first mission to fly through the Sun’s corona and “touch the Sun” in April 2021 when it crossed the Alfvén critical boundary during its 8th orbit. At its closest approaches Parker reaches about 3.8–4 million miles (6.2 million km) from the…
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The first internet connection in Cuba was established in 1996 as a 64 Kbps link via Sprint in the United States. In 2011, with help from Venezuela, Cuba installed the ALBA-1 undersea fiber-optic cable, which became publicly usable in January 2013, replacing the old satellite backbone. From December 6–8, 2018, ETECSA rolled out mobile internet…
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