Today: 11 November 2025
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Marcin Frąckiewicz

CEO of TS2 Space and founder of TS2.tech. Expert in satellites, telecommunications, and emerging technologies, covering trends in space, AI, and connectivity.

AI and the Transformation of Web Search (2024–2030)

AI and the Transformation of Web Search (2024–2030)

Google introduced the Search Generative Experience (SGE) in 2023–2024, using the Gemini AI model to produce top-of-page AI overviews with citations. After limited trials, Google rolled out AI overviews to all U.S. users in 2024 and aims to reach over a billion people by year’s end, with ads remaining separate and publisher traffic preserved. Gemini’s multimodal abilities enable searches by image or video, including experiments where a user can upload a video clip and the AI analyzes it to troubleshoot a device. Microsoft launched Bing with a GPT-4-powered chat in early 2023, integrated via the Prometheus framework to use the
18 June 2025
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Kwangmyong: Inside North Korea’s National Intranet Service

Kwangmyong: Inside North Korea’s National Intranet Service

Kwangmyong is North Korea’s national intranet launched in the early 2000s, a closed network that provides email, websites, and digital resources only within North Korea to isolate citizens from the global Internet. <li North Korea’s first internal email service, Sili Bank, was established in 2001 to enable internal electronic correspondence on Kwangmyong. The first intranet “internet café” opened in Pyongyang in 2002 with about 100 computers, marking the start of public access to Kwangmyong. Kwangmyong uses .kp domain names and private IP ranges such as 10.x.x.x, is not routable on the global Internet, and most access is via IP addresses
18 June 2025
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Insane Internet Speeds: The Fastest Connections on Earth and What’s Coming Next

Insane Internet Speeds: The Fastest Connections on Earth and What’s Coming Next

In June 2024, a team led by Japan’s NICT and Aston University achieved 402 Tbps over a single standard optical fiber using six wavelength bands (O, E, S, C, L, and U). In March 2024, the same international team reached 301 Tbps by extending into E-band and S-band with a custom amplifier for those bands. In July 2021, NICT researchers transmitted 319 Tbps over 3,001 km using a 4-core optical fiber with 552 channels across a 120 nm spectrum. In August 2020, University College London set a then-record of 178 Tbps using geometric shaping constellations. In April 2025, NICT with
17 June 2025
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Top 10 Tech Trends Exploding in 2025: Generative AI, Quantum Leaps, Biotech Breakthroughs & More

Top 10 Tech Trends Exploding in 2025: Generative AI, Quantum Leaps, Biotech Breakthroughs & More

In 2025, enterprise adoption of generative AI doubled to 65% of organizations, with 92% of Fortune 500 companies leveraging OpenAI’s technology. In June 2025 IBM announced fault-tolerant quantum error-correction progress and unveiled Starling, a 200-logical-qubit machine (~10,000 physical qubits) planned to be operational by 2029. CRISPR-based therapies for blood disorders are expected to receive regulatory approval by 2025. By mid-2025, about 1 billion wearable devices are in use worldwide, including the Apple Watch Series X and Oura rings. In 2024, 67% of organizations increased investments in generative AI apps, signaling widespread adoption of AI copilots and hyperautomation. Toyota is piloting
17 June 2025
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The Ultimate Global Missile Guide: Secret Weapons and Strategic Arsenals Revealed

The Ultimate Global Missile Guide: Secret Weapons and Strategic Arsenals Revealed

The United States fields the LGM-30G Minuteman III ICBM (silo-based) with a ~13,000 km range that carries 1× nuclear RV (W78/W87, ~335 kt) and the UGM-133 Trident II D5 SLBM (submarine-launched) with >12,000 km range capable of up to 8 MIRVs (W76/W88). The U.S. LRHW “Dark Eagle” program develops a long-range hypersonic boost-glide missile with a ~2,775 km range using a 2-stage solid booster and an HGV. Russia fields the RS-28 Sarmat heavy ICBM (silo-based) with 10,000–18,000 km range and Mach 20+ reentry, and it deploys the Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle. China’s DF-41 is a mobile, road-mobile ICBM with a
17 June 2025
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From Atoms for Peace to the Nuclear Brink: The Shocking Timeline of Iran’s Nuclear Program (1950s–2025)

From Atoms for Peace to the Nuclear Brink: The Shocking Timeline of Iran’s Nuclear Program (1950s–2025)

1957 – The Atoms for Peace agreement between the United States and Iran launches Iran’s civil nuclear program. 1967 – Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) is a 5 MW reactor supplied by the United States, using weapons-grade uranium fuel (93% enriched). 1968–1970 – Iran signs and ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); IAEA safeguards enter force in 1974. 1974 – The Shah creates the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran and targets 23,000 MW of nuclear power within 20 years, with contracts to Siemens/KWU and Framatome and a $1 billion stake in Eurodif. 1979 – Islamic Revolution halts the program; Western partners
17 June 2025
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The Ultimate 2025 Satellite Phone Guide – Best Models Compared for Off-Grid Communication

The Ultimate 2025 Satellite Phone Guide – Best Models Compared for Off-Grid Communication

The Iridium Extreme 9575 is Iridium’s flagship rugged handset (MIL-STD 810F, IP65) at about 5.5 × 2.4 × 1.1 in and 8.7 oz, priced around $1,200–$1,500 (listed $1,349 in Jan 2025) with built-in GPS and an SOS button. The Iridium 9555 is a smaller, rugged phone (about 5.6 × 2.2 × 1.2 in, 9.4 oz) offering 4 hours talk and 30 hours standby, 2.4 kbps data, typically $900–$1,100 (listed about $1,129 in early 2025), and no GPS or SOS. Iridium operates a 66-satellite LEO constellation delivering 100% global pole-to-pole coverage with low latency from roughly 780 km altitude. The IsatPhone
17 June 2025
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Jam-Proof & Unstoppable: How Fiber-Optic Drones Are Rewiring the Future of UAVs

Jam-Proof & Unstoppable: How Fiber-Optic Drones Are Rewiring the Future of UAVs

Fiber-optic drones carry control commands and high-bandwidth video via a tether, delivering a 1 Gbps (1000Base-T) link with near-zero latency and immunity to RF jamming. Fiber communications were pioneered by Charles Kao in 1966 and proven practical by 1977, enabling high-bandwidth data transfer for drones. Russia deployed fiber-tethered kamikaze FPV drones in spring 2024 during the Ukraine conflict, achieving demonstrated ranges of 20–30 km. By late 2024, Ukraine’s 3DTech with the Khyzhak REBOFF series and Russia’s Ushkuynik group’s Knyaz Vandal were among the first operational fiber-drone models. In the 2010s, tethered systems from Elistair and Hoverfly used Kevlar-based tethers for
17 June 2025
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China’s EV Revolution: From $5,000 Minis to 1,000-km Supercars – How China Is Shocking the Global Car Market

China’s EV Revolution: From $5,000 Minis to 1,000-km Supercars – How China Is Shocking the Global Car Market

China produced over 11–13 million electric cars in 2024, about half of all new cars sold in the country, and accounted for roughly 58–70% of global EV output. BYD Auto became the world’s largest EV producer, accounting for about one‑third of China’s EV sales and surpassing Tesla’s global volumes in 2024. NIO’s ET7 offers up to 1,000 km of range with a 150 kWh semi‑solid battery, delivering the longest EV range among production sedans. NIO operates more than 3,000 battery‑swap stations across China and Europe, enabling ~3‑minute battery exchanges. The Xiaomi SU7 Ultra is priced around ¥529,900 (~$73,000) and delivers
17 June 2025
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From Jammers to Laser Cannons: Inside the Cutting-Edge Anti-Drone Tech Defending the Skies

From Jammers to Laser Cannons: Inside the Cutting-Edge Anti-Drone Tech Defending the Skies

The NFL reported a 20,000% increase in drone incursions at football games from 2017 to 2023. The global anti-drone market is projected to grow at 27.8% per year this decade. Counter-UAS systems typically use multi-sensor fusion, combining radar, RF analyzers, optical/infrared cameras, and acoustic sensors with artificial intelligence. Rafael’s Drone Dome provides 360° detection with compact radars and is effective out to about 3.5 km for small drones, while Raytheon’s KuRFS radar offers 360° coverage and clutter differentiation. RF sensors passively detect drones by their control or video transmissions, can identify the drone model by its signal signature, and can
17 June 2025
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F-22 Raptor: America’s Unmatched Stealth Air Superiority Fighter

F-22 Raptor: America’s Unmatched Stealth Air Superiority Fighter

The F-22 Raptor is a fifth-generation stealth air-superiority fighter that first flew in 1997 and achieved Initial Operational Capability in December 2005, with 187 production aircraft completed by 2012. It can sustain supersonic flight without afterburner, achieving supercruise at speeds above Mach 1.5. In standard configuration it carries eight internally mounted air-to-air weapons: six AIM-120C AMRAAMs in the main bay and two AIM-9 Sidewinders in the side bays, plus an internal M61A2 20mm cannon. Two Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 engines provide approximately 35,000 lbf thrust each with 2D thrust-vectoring nozzles for post-stall maneuvers. The F-22 has a service ceiling above
17 June 2025
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Unveiling the F-16 Fighting Falcon: The Legendary Jet’s History, Secrets, and Showdown with Modern Fighters

Unveiling the F-16 Fighting Falcon: The Legendary Jet’s History, Secrets, and Showdown with Modern Fighters

The F-16 began as General Dynamics’ YF-16 in the USAF’s Lightweight Fighter program, with the prototype’s maiden flight in 1974 and the first operational F-16A delivered in 1979. It introduced relaxed static stability and fly-by-wire controls, enabling exceptional agility and the ability to sustain 9 g turns. The cockpit features a frameless bubble canopy for 360-degree visibility and a 30-degree-reclined ejection seat to improve high-G tolerance. More than 4,600 F-16s have been built since 1976, and as of 2025 about 2,084 remain operational across 25 nations. An international NATO consortium—Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway—co-produced early F-16s, assembling 348 jets
17 June 2025
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