Internet Access in Vatican City: History, Infrastructure, Providers, and Modern Challenges
The Holy See launched its first website on December 25, 1995, and now manages its own ISP, .va domain, and fiber-optic network linking Vatican sites and properties. Vatican City relies on Italian mobile operators for 4G and 5G, with minimal public Wi-Fi. Satellite and fiber provide backup and broadcasting. Cybersecurity measures include a Vatican CERT set for 2025 and AI-driven defenses.