Introduction: Iran has entered a new phase in its artificial intelligence (AI) journey, marked by ambitious national strategies, growing research output, and a vibrant startup ecosystem. Despite international sanctions and infrastructure challenges, the country aspires to become a top-tier AI nation within the next decade specialeurasia.com en.shanbemag.com. Iranian leaders – including Ayatollah Khamenei – have…
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Infrastructure Overview Iran’s internet infrastructure is a mix of aging fixed broadband and expanding mobile networks, all under strain from sanctions and state control. Fixed broadband largely relies on ADSL (phone-line internet) and a limited fiber-optic rollout. The government has ambitious fiber plans – aiming to cover 20 million premises with fiber by end of…
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The Fordo (often spelled Fordow) Fuel Enrichment Plant – officially the Shahid Ali-Mohammadi Nuclear Facility – is a deeply buried uranium enrichment site about 30 km northeast of Qom, Iran aljazeera.com washingtonpost.com. It was built under a mountain on an IRGC military base and kept hidden for years aljazeera.com. Western intelligence eventually discovered Fordo and in…
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Iranian Space Agency (ISA) History and Founding Timeline Iran’s involvement in space activities dates back to the late 1950s, when it became a founding member of the U.N. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1958 en.wikipedia.org. Early efforts focused on satellite communications and remote sensing: by 1976, Iran had established a “Remote…
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