In 2025, researchers unveiled the first topological quantum processor, an 8-qubit device using Majorana particles. D-Wave’s Advantage quantum annealing computer solved a complex magnetic simulation in minutes, a problem that would take classical supercomputers millions of years. In late 2024 Google debuted the 105-qubit Willow superconducting chip with unprecedented error-correction performance. IBM crossed the 1,000-qubit…
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Biomass was selected in May 2013 as ESA’s seventh Earth Explorer mission to quantify forest carbon from space. The mission uses a P-band synthetic aperture radar at ~435 MHz (about 70 cm wavelength) with a 12-meter mesh reflector deployed in orbit to penetrate canopies and sense trunks. It employs fully polarimetric SAR (HH, HV, VH,…
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CO3D comprises four identical S250-based satellites, each weighing about 250–300 kg with 100% electric propulsion, delivering ~50 cm spatial-resolution optical imagery. It aims to produce a global Digital Surface Model with ~1 m vertical accuracy and to map ~40 million km² of Earth’s land per year in 3D. The system targets roughly 90% of the…
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OpenAI’s ChatGPT service is now one of the world’s top websites, with over 5 billion visits per month as of May 2025. In 2024, 78% of organizations reported using AI in at least one business function, up from 55% in 2023. U.S. venture funding for AI in 2024 reached $109 billion, nearly 12× China’s $9.3B…
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Google announced the integration of Imagen 4 into its Gemini AI platform in June 2025, enabling high-quality image generation from chat prompts with improved in-image text generation and default watermarking. Meta unveiled V-JEPA 2 on June 11, 2025, a Video Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture that uses self-supervised learning to understand video and enables zero-shot robot…
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The global AI market is estimated at $758 billion in 2025 and is projected to rise to multiple trillions in the next decade. Apple’s 2025 software enables an iPhone to run a local large language model for Siri, marking edge AI in consumer devices. The AI semiconductor market is projected to exceed $150 billion in…
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Artemis I launched on November 16, 2022, marking NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) first flight and sending an uncrewed Orion around the Moon. The global space economy reached about $570 billion in 2023, with roughly 80% of that value produced by commercial activities. As of 2025, there are over 11,000 active satellites serving Earth, out…
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By 2025, about 99.8% of UK households are within reach of a decent broadband connection (≥10 Mbps). About 97–98% of UK households have an active internet subscription. In 2024, the average fixed broadband speed was around 157 Mbps, up from just over 50 Mbps in 2022. Gigabit-capable broadband is available to about 84% of UK…
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A 2-watt laser on a geostationary satellite delivered a 1 Gbps downlink to Earth from 36,000 km away. The AO-MDR system combines Adaptive Optics and Mode Diversity Reception to overcome atmospheric turbulence. The ground receiver used an 1.8-meter telescope with a 357-actuator deformable mirror to correct wavefront distortions. After AO correction, the beam was split…
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Space-based ADS-B became operational in 2019 with Aireon using Iridium NEXT’s 66 low Earth orbit satellites at about 780 km, each carrying an ADS-B receiver listening at 1090 MHz and delivering data to ground stations with latency under 1.5 seconds and updates often in the 2–5 second range. Before 2019 only about 30% of the…
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