1957 – The Atoms for Peace agreement between the United States and Iran launches Iran’s civil nuclear program. 1967 – Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) is a 5 MW reactor supplied by the United States, using weapons-grade uranium fuel (93% enriched). 1968–1970 – Iran signs and ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); IAEA safeguards enter force…
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Fiber-optic drones carry control commands and high-bandwidth video via a tether, delivering a 1 Gbps (1000Base-T) link with near-zero latency and immunity to RF jamming. Fiber communications were pioneered by Charles Kao in 1966 and proven practical by 1977, enabling high-bandwidth data transfer for drones. Russia deployed fiber-tethered kamikaze FPV drones in spring 2024 during…
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The NFL reported a 20,000% increase in drone incursions at football games from 2017 to 2023. The global anti-drone market is projected to grow at 27.8% per year this decade. Counter-UAS systems typically use multi-sensor fusion, combining radar, RF analyzers, optical/infrared cameras, and acoustic sensors with artificial intelligence. Rafael’s Drone Dome provides 360° detection with…
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The F-22 Raptor is a fifth-generation stealth air-superiority fighter that first flew in 1997 and achieved Initial Operational Capability in December 2005, with 187 production aircraft completed by 2012. It can sustain supersonic flight without afterburner, achieving supercruise at speeds above Mach 1.5. In standard configuration it carries eight internally mounted air-to-air weapons: six AIM-120C…
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Starlink’s upfront CapEx was estimated at about $10 billion and later as high as $30 billion, SpaceX launched over 8,000 Starlink satellites with about 4,000 in operation by April 2025, and the service exceeded 5 million subscribers worldwide by 2025. Amazon’s Project Kuiper is a $10 billion plan for a 3,236-satellite constellation, with 27 production…
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The Sukhoi Su-57 Felon is Russia’s first fifth-generation stealth fighter, developed under the PAK FA program, with the T-50 prototype’s maiden flight on January 29, 2010 and the name Su-57 adopted in 2017. It measures about 20.1 m in length, 14.0 m wingspan, and 4.8 m in height, uses internal weapon bays, and employs radar-absorbing…
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In 2023, the global space economy reached $570 billion, with private/commercial ventures accounting for about 78%. In 2023 there were 221 orbital launches (the most on record), more than 2,500 satellites launched, and experts project up to 100,000 satellites in orbit within the next decade. Since 2009, investors have poured about $347.9 billion into roughly…
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By mid-2023, fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) passed 75.4% of Polish homes, making FTTP the most prevalent fixed broadband technology. By mid-2023 rural FTTP coverage reached 56.3% of rural homes, overtaking DSL as the largest rural broadband technology. National fixed broadband coverage stood at 86.9% of households, with rural coverage at 74.0% by mid-2023. In October 2023, Poland…
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Fiber-optic broadband delivers 100–1000+ Mbps download and upload with latency around 5–20 ms, but availability is limited to about 25–40% of U.S. households and roughly 70% of OECD regions. Cable broadband offers 25–500 Mbps down and 5–50 Mbps up with 15–30 ms latency, is widespread in cities, and can reach up to 1 Gbps downstream…
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From 2006 to 2023, violent non-state actors carried out 1,122 drone attacks, with a peak of 265 in 2023. The 2018 Gatwick airport incident highlighted the public-safety risks posed by off-the-shelf quadcopters. The Ukraine war has been described as the first “drone war,” with both sides deploying swarms of small drones for surveillance and strikes,…
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