The European Union finalized the AI Act in 2024, with full applicability by 2026, classifying AI by risk and requiring high-risk systems to include transparency, human oversight, and clear labeling for AI-generated content including deepfakes. China enacted the Interim Measures for Generative AI Services in August 2023, requiring provider registration, alignment with core socialist values,…
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By 2030, satellite-connected IoT devices are projected to exceed 26 million and the market is expected to reach about $4 billion. The 3GPP Release-17 NTN standards were finalized in 2022, enabling a single IoT module to operate on both cellular and satellite networks. By 2027, 5G NR-NTN standards under 3GPP Releases 18 and 19 will…
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Over 70% of large firms plan to invest in AI-driven security tools by 2027. In early 2022, a multinational technology manufacturer faced Babuk ransomware and an AI-driven defense autonomously blocked and isolated the infected device. A healthcare company using Darktrace’s UEBA detected an insider attempting data theft by connecting an employee’s device to the Dark…
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OpenAI launched GPT-4.5 “Orion” on February 27, 2025, as the largest model to date with improved reasoning and a chain-of-thought mode. Google’s Gemini 2.5, released in 2025, is a multimodal AI that handles text, code, images, audio, and video and comes in Nano, Flash, Pro, and Ultra tiers with an AI Pro plan and Deep…
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As of early 2024, about 26% of Eritrea’s 3.7 million people were internet users. Eritrea is the only coastal African nation with zero submarine fiber-optic cable landings. The telecom sector is entirely state-owned and monopolized by Eritrean Telecommunication Services Corporation (EriTel), with no private ISPs or competing mobile operators. Public mobile data is essentially unavailable;…
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In 2020, Ukraine planned a commercial 5G spectrum auction for end-2021, but the tender was delayed and regulators cut mobile termination rates from ₴0.12 to ₴0.08 per minute in October 2020 as they focused on 4G. In June 2021, Datagroup completed its acquisition of Volia, creating a combined fiber backbone with over 4 million fiber-connected…
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In May 1999, NASA’s Deep Space 1 operated for three days with the Remote Agent AI, planning activities and diagnosing simulated faults autonomously. From 2001 to 2004, NASA’s EO-1 carried the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), using onboard machine learning and the CASPER planner to re-task after events like volcanic eruptions. In 2013, JAXA’s Epsilon rocket…
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The global market for flat-panel and phased-array antennas was valued at about $5.05 billion in 2024 and is on track to surpass $13 billion by the early 2030s, with a roughly 11–12% CAGR. Flat-panel antennas for satellite communications and mobility are expected to grow from about $0.49 billion in 2024 to $1.37 billion by 2029,…
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Equatorial Guinea is described as a digital desert due to the internet’s high cost, slow speeds, and limited availability. Internet access began in 1997 via a France-backed connection, and by 2010 only about 2% of the population were internet users. GETESA, the state-dominated operator, held about 60% ownership with Orange S.A. around 40%, and controlled…
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From 2025 to 2030, ground control shifts from hardware-centric architectures to cloud-enabled, software-defined infrastructure via Ground-Station-as-a-Service (GSaaS). The global satellite ground station market is projected to grow from about $56 billion in 2022 to $125 billion by 2030. AWS Ground Station and Microsoft Azure Orbital provide pay-per-use, cloud-connected antennas that deliver downlinks directly into cloud…
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