Author: Marcin Frąckiewicz

Space weather refers to variations in the space environment between the Sun and Earth that can affect technological systems both in orbit and on the ground swpc.noaa.gov. It is generated by solar phenomena—particularly solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high-speed solar wind streams, and solar energetic particle events—that release bursts of radiation and charged particles…
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Overview of Croatia’s Internet Infrastructure (Urban vs. Rural) Croatia’s internet infrastructure has made significant progress but still shows a gap between urban and rural areas. As of 2022, about 77% of the population are regular internet users (97% among youth) trade.gov. In cities and towns, residents typically enjoy fast broadband (86% of households have access…
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Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing a digital transformation, rapidly expanding internet infrastructure and connectivity across the country trade.gov. Fueled by government ambition to become a West African digital hub trade.gov, investments in fiber-optic networks, mobile broadband, and even satellite internet are reshaping how Ivorians access the online world. Internet usage has grown from only a fraction…
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In the coming decade, a trio of advanced space observatories will open new windows on the universe, tackling some of the most profound mysteries in astronomy. These next-generation telescopes – NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and the European Space Agency’s PLATO and ATHENA missions – are poised to revolutionize our understanding of everything from…
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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the largest, most powerful and most complex space telescope ever launched science.nasa.gov. A joint mission of NASA, ESA, and CSA, JWST serves as a “cosmic time machine” for modern astronomy by using infrared vision to peer back over 13.5 billion years and reveal the earliest stars and galaxies…
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Comoros is a small archipelago nation in the Indian Ocean, comprised of three main islands – Grande Comore (Ngazidja), Anjouan (Ndzuwani), and Mohéli (Mwali) – along with the neighboring French territory of Mayotte freiheit.org. Its geography poses unique challenges for telecommunications: the islands are separated by ocean channels and are volcanic and mountainous, making infrastructure…
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Imagine a satellite that not only takes pictures of Earth, but can also identify what materials compose each pixel of the image. This is the promise of hyperspectral imaging – a technology giving satellites “super-vision” across hundreds of colors beyond human sight. Hyperspectral sensors capture detailed spectral fingerprints of objects by measuring reflected light in…
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Introduction – A Nation Offline The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country of over 100 million people, but only about 27% of the population was using the internet as of early 2024 datareportal.com. This means roughly 75 million Congolese remain offline, a staggering digital gap in the heart of Africa datareportal.com. For comparison,…
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Imagine peering down at Earth through thick clouds or the dead of night and still seeing clear images of the surface. Traditional optical satellites are blind in such conditions – in fact, at any given moment about 75% of the planet is obscured either by cloud cover or darkness, making it inaccessible to optical imaging…
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Colombia has seen rapid growth in internet access, reaching roughly three-quarters of the population online as of 2024 datareportal.com. Mobile phones and home broadband have become common in urban areas, transforming how Colombians communicate, work, and learn. However, these gains also mask stark disparities – a deep digital divide separates well-connected cities from rural and…
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