Finland adopted EU-wide EASA open category rules in 2021, applying them to Helsinki drone pilots. Recreational pilots must maintain visual line of sight (VLOS) at all times, with brief overflight of a person allowed only for sub-250g drones. The open category altitude limit is 120 meters above ground, with higher flights requiring Traficom permission. Drones over 25 kg are not allowed for leisure use. Drone operator registration with Traficom is mandatory if the drone weighs 250 g or more or has a camera, and one Operator ID covers all drones; registration typically costs about €30–€100 for 3–5 years. Minimum remote-pilot

Recreational Drone Operator License is required for hobbyists in Israel, often called a “matayesen” or UAS operator certificate, with applicants as young as 12 and an online theory exam, and minors under 16 must fly under adult supervision. Drones over 250 grams must be registered with the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel (CAAI) in the online registry, carry an owner ID label, and pass a written knowledge test, with a registration fee around ₪30. Drones under 250 grams may be exempt from formal registration under upcoming rules, but any drone with a camera remains subject to Israel’s drone laws. The