Quantum Tunneling Goes Big: The Tiny Circuit Experiment That Won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics
John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for showing that a superconducting circuit can display quantum tunneling and quantized energy states. Their 1980s experiment with a Josephson junction revealed that billions of electrons could tunnel through an energy barrier and absorb energy only in discrete amounts, confirming quantum effects at a macroscopic scale.