India’s SHANTI Bill Passes Parliament: Private Entry into Nuclear Power, Liability Overhaul, and Protests Explained
India’s Parliament passed the SHANTI Bill on December 18, 2025, opening the civil nuclear sector to private Indian companies and joint ventures for the first time. Opposition parties and unions announced nationwide protests, citing safety and liability concerns. The law replaces two key nuclear acts and aims to boost nuclear capacity to 100 GW by 2047. Foreign firms can participate only through partnerships with Indian companies.