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Space 1 June 2025 - 20 June 2025

Iranian Satellites and Space Agency: Capabilities, Missions, and Strategic Vision

Iranian Satellites and Space Agency: Capabilities, Missions, and Strategic Vision

Iran launched its first indigenous satellite, Omid, in 2009 using the Safir rocket. In 2024, the Simorgh and Qaem-100 rockets achieved their first successful orbital flights, deploying multiple payloads including Mahda and Sorayya. Private Iranian satellites reached orbit for the first time in late 2024 via Russian Soyuz rideshare. Iran’s dual civilian and military space programs operate under sanctions with a $220 million budget.
20 June 2025
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Space Showdown: How Military Satellites Are Shaping the Ukraine‑Russia War

Space Showdown: How Military Satellites Are Shaping the Ukraine‑Russia War

SpaceX deployed 5,000 Starlink terminals to Ukraine days after Russia’s 2022 invasion, with active terminals reaching 15,000 by June and Ukraine handling 58% of global Starlink traffic. Russia tried to jam Starlink, prompting a software update; later, illicit terminals in Russian hands were disabled. A Russian cyberattack on Viasat’s KA-SAT network on February 24, 2022, crippled thousands of Ukrainian modems and disrupted European satellite links.
20 June 2025
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Spies in the Sky: The Ultimate Guide to Spy Satellites and Their Secrets

Spies in the Sky: The Ultimate Guide to Spy Satellites and Their Secrets

The CORONA program began US satellite photo-reconnaissance in 1959, with Discoverer XIV’s mid-air film recovery in 1960. By early 2024, China’s Yaogan constellation reached 144 satellites, including sub-meter optical variants. Cosmos 954, a Soviet RORSAT, scattered radioactive debris over Canada in 1978. Over 1,100 active Earth-observation satellites orbited by 2025, more than half commercially owned.
19 June 2025
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13,000-Year-Old Alien Satellite? Unraveling the Black Knight Conspiracy Theory

13,000-Year-Old Alien Satellite? Unraveling the Black Knight Conspiracy Theory

In 1960, the U.S. military tracked an unidentified object in polar orbit, later identified as Discoverer 8 debris. The "Black Knight" legend links earlier reports, including Tesla’s 1899 radio signals and 1927 long-delayed echoes, to claims of an ancient satellite. NASA engineers and witnesses have debunked alleged sightings, attributing them to space debris or misinterpretations.
19 June 2025
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Internet Access in Macedonia: From Fiber to the Final Frontier

Internet Access in Macedonia: From Fiber to the Final Frontier

MakTel’s fiber network passes over 270,000 households and offers up to 1 Gbps, while DSL remains available nationwide at lower speeds. By late 2024, fixed broadband subscribers in North Macedonia reached about 545,000, up 4% year on year. MakTel’s 5G covered 82% of the population by late 2023; A1 Macedonia’s 5G reached 56.6% by end-2022. Starlink launched in 2022, with its Mini kit priced at MKD 18,399.
17 June 2025
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Cosmic Time Machine: The Jaw-Dropping Science Unleashed by the James Webb Space Telescope

Cosmic Time Machine: The Jaw-Dropping Science Unleashed by the James Webb Space Telescope

JWST launched December 25, 2021, aboard an Ariane 5 to the Sun-Earth L2 point, deploying a 6.5-meter segmented mirror and a five-layer sunshield. Within weeks, it detected water vapor on exoplanet WASP-96 b and later confirmed carbon dioxide on WASP-39 b. In 2023, JWST found methane and carbon dioxide on K2-18 b. The telescope has identified galaxies at redshifts z~12–14, less than 400 million years after the Big Bang.
7 June 2025
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The Space Race for the Internet: Inside the Billion-Dollar Satellite Mega-Constellation Boom

The Space Race for the Internet: Inside the Billion-Dollar Satellite Mega-Constellation Boom

Starlink operates about 7,500 active satellites as of mid-2025, over 60% of all in orbit, with new v2 models weighing 800 kg and featuring laser links. Amazon’s Project Kuiper launched its first 27 satellites in April 2025, aiming for 3,236 total. OneWeb merged with Eutelsat after completing its Gen1 constellation. China’s Guowang and Qianfan each plan 13,000 satellites, with tests starting late 2024.
5 June 2025
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Inside America’s Silent Sentinels: The Untold Story of GSSAP in Space Surveillance

Inside America’s Silent Sentinels: The Untold Story of GSSAP in Space Surveillance

GSSAP-1 and GSSAP-2 launched July 28, 2014, from Cape Canaveral, with GSSAP-3 and GSSAP-4 following in 2016 and GSSAP-5 and GSSAP-6 in 2022, expanding the U.S. surveillance constellation in geosynchronous orbit. The satellites have drawn international scrutiny for close approaches to Russian and Chinese GEO satellites. GSSAP-2 was retired to graveyard orbit in August 2023. GSSAP-7 and 8 are planned for launch by 2027.
5 June 2025
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Orbiting at Zero Speed: How Geostationary Satellites Rule Global Communications

Orbiting at Zero Speed: How Geostationary Satellites Rule Global Communications

Intelsat I (Early Bird), launched in April 1965, was the first commercial satellite in geostationary orbit, enabling regular telecommunications between Europe and North America. GEO satellites orbit 35,786 km above the equator and appear fixed from the ground, allowing stationary antennas. The Clarke Belt, named after Arthur C. Clarke, hosts these satellites. End-of-life GEO satellites are moved to a graveyard orbit about 300 km higher.
5 June 2025
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Mega-Constellations Exposed: How Swarms of Tiny Satellites Are Taking Over Low Earth Orbit

Mega-Constellations Exposed: How Swarms of Tiny Satellites Are Taking Over Low Earth Orbit

Small satellites made up over 95% of all satellites launched in 2024. SpaceX’s Starlink led with more than 7,000 active satellites, aiming for up to 42,000 with FCC approval for 12,000. The FCC now requires satellites to deorbit within five years of retirement. Amazon’s Kuiper, OneWeb, and Iridium also expanded networks, targeting global coverage with hundreds to thousands of satellites in low Earth orbit.
5 June 2025
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